Obesity Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Influenza A (H1N1pdm) but Not H3N2 Infection

Maier, Hannah E.; Kuan, Guillermina; Gresh, Lionel; López, Roger; Sánchez, Nery; Schiller, Amy; Ojeda, Sergio; Harris, Eva; Balmaseda, Ángel; Gordon, Aubree

doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa928

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…We also found that obesity significantly increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Similar associations have also been observed in a household cohort in South Africa as well as for other respiratory viruses such as influenza A H1N1pdm 15,16 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Sun

Loría

Aparicio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Variability in household secondary attack rates (SAR) and transmission risks factors of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. To characterize SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a household setting, we conducted a household serologic study of SARS-CoV-2 in Costa Rica, with SARS-CoV-2 index cases selected from a larger prospective cohort study and their household contacts were enrolled. A total of 719 household contacts of 304 household index cases were enrolled from November 21, 2020, through July 31, 2021. Demographic, clinical, and behavioral information was collected from the index cases and their household contacts. Blood specimens were collected from contacts within 30-60 days of index case diagnosis; and serum was tested for presence of spike and nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 prior infections among household contacts was defined based on the presence of both spike and nucleocapsid antibodies. To avoid making strong assumptions that the index case was the sole source of infections among household contacts, we fitted a chain binomial model to the serologic data, which allowed us to account for exogenous community infection risk as well as potential multi-generational transmissions within the household. Overall seroprevalence was 53% (95% confidence interval (CI) 48% – 58%) among household contacts The estimated household secondary attack rate (SAR) was 32% (95% CI 5% – 74%) and the average community infection risk was 19% (95% CI 14% - 26%). Mask wearing by the index case was associated with the household transmission risk reduction by 67% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.33 with 95% CI: 0.09-0.75) and sleeping in a separate bedroom from the index case reduced the risk of household transmission by 78% (adjusted odds ratio = 0.22 with 95% CI 0.10-0.41). The estimated distribution of household secondary attack rates was highly heterogeneous across index cases, with 30% of index cases being the source for 80% of secondary cases. Modeling analysis suggests behavioral factors were important drivers of the observed SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within the household.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Sun

Loría

Aparicio

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…In this study, we did not find a significant association between BMI and influenza infection. Several studies have demonstrated that BMI is significantly associated with influenza infection or severity [ 9 – 12 ]. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is the difference in the study sample races.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, the immune response to influenza vaccination is impaired by obesity [ 8 ]. Several epidemiological studies have reported that general obesity, defined by body mass index (BMI), is independently associated with influenza infection [ 9 – 12 ]. However, most of these studies included Westerners and not Asian populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between visceral fat and influenza infection in Japanese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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Background Several studies have reported that obesity is associated with influenza infection; however, the role of visceral fat remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between visceral fat and influenza infection in community-dwelling Japanese adults. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed using data from an annual community-based health check-up conducted from May to June in 2019. In total, 1,040 Japanese adults aged 20–89 years were enrolled in this study. Influenza infection status was determined by participants’ responses to a self-administered questionnaire. The visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using a bioimpedance-type visceral fat meter. Participants were classified into four groups using the following cut-off points: VFA < 100 cm2 was set as the reference category according to the Japanese criteria, 100 ≤ VFA < 150 cm2, 150 ≤ VFA < 200 cm2, and 200 cm2 ≤ VFA. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between VFA and influenza infection. Results In total, 119 participants had influenza infections in the past year. In the multivariate adjusted model, a higher VFA was significantly associated with increased influenza infection; the adjusted odds ratio for 200 cm2 ≤ VFA was 5.03 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–23.6], that for 150 ≤ VFA < 200 cm2 was 1.97 (95% CI: 0.71–5.45), and that for 100 ≤ VFA < 150 cm2 was 1.62 (95% CI: 0.84–3.12), compared with that for VFA < 100 cm2 (p for trend = 0.049). These findings were confirmed in the same cohort the following year. Conclusions Our results suggest that visceral fat accumulation is associated with influenza infection. Large-scale prospective studies using diagnostic information for influenza infection are required to confirm this association.

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“…High body mass index and low adiponectin levels are associated with reduced HCV-specific T cell responses 172 , increased liver injury 173 and poor virologic response to immune-based therapies 174 . More recently obesity has been shown to be associated with susceptibility and severity to influenza A H1N1pdm infection 175 . The microbiome influenced by diet 176,177 will also impact susceptibility and the natural course of viral infections.…”

Section: Complexities In Metabolic Responses In Individuals As a Func...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate metabolic responses against viral infections

Palmer

2022

Nat Metab

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Obesity Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Influenza A (H1N1pdm) but Not H3N2 Infection

Abstract: Abstract Background Obesity has been shown to increase the risk of severe outcomes and death for influenza virus infections. However, we don’t understand the influence of obesity on susceptibility to infection or on non-severe influenza outcomes. Methods We perfor… Show more

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Behavioral factors and SARS-CoV-2 transmission heterogeneity within a household cohort in Costa Rica

Association between visceral fat and influenza infection in Japanese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study

Innate metabolic responses against viral infections

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