Obesity in Young Adulthood Is Related to Social Mobility Among Swedish Men

Karnehed, Nina; Rasmussen, Finn; Hemmingsson, Tomas; Tynelius, Per

doi:10.1038/oby.2007.103

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These findings are in agreement with Swedish data, which also show that obese men are often downwardly mobile (Karnehed et al, 2008). These findings are in agreement with Swedish data, which also show that obese men are often downwardly mobile (Karnehed et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intra- And Intergenerational Social Mobility in Relation to Height, Weight and Body Mass Index in a British National Cohort

Krzyzanowska

Mascie-Taylor

2011

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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Using a sample of 2090 father and son pairs, the extent of intra- and inter-generational social mobility (migration between social classes) was examined over a 42-year period in a British cohort in relation to height, weight and body mass index (BMI). The mean height difference between the highest and lowest social class decreased from about 4 cm in the fathers' generation to about 3 cm in the sons' generation, indicating a decline in heterogeneity in height between classes. For fathers downward intra-generational social mobility ranged between 11% and 18% while between 16% and 26% were upwardly mobile; for sons 15% were downwardly mobile and 21% upwardly mobile. On average downwardly mobile fathers were shorter by between 0.1 cm and 0.7 cm while upwardly mobile fathers were taller by, on average, 0.6 cm to 1.7 cm. For sons, the downwardly mobile were on average 0.7 cm shorter and the upwardly mobile 0.8 cm taller. For weight and BMI there were no consistent relationships with intra-generational mobility in either the fathers' or sons' generations. Inter-generationally, between 18% and 19% of sons were downwardly mobile and between 39% and 40% were upwardly mobile; the downwardly mobile were shorter by about 0.9 cm and the upwardly taller by between 0.6 cm and 1.2 cm. Sons with higher BMI were more likely to be inter-generationally downwardly mobile.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intra- And Intergenerational Social Mobility in Relation to Height, Weight and Body Mass Index in a British National Cohort

Krzyzanowska

Mascie-Taylor

2011

J. Biosoc. Sci.

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“…The process is repeated annually and provides valuable anthropometric data on young men of a directive age [ 45 ]. Though these conscription systems are not outlined for collection of such data per se, they have successfully served as a basis for epidemiological studies in Switzerland [ 29 , 46 , 47 ], Sweden [ 48 , 49 ], Austria [ 50 – 52 ], and Germany [ 53 ]. Though limited to young males, the prevalence of conscripts’ OBOW remains a valuable research source because obesity in young adulthood increases the likelihood of being obese later in life, and the morbidity and mortality risks of men increase with advancing age [ 6 , 54 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding big shots: small-area mapping and spatial modelling of obesity among Swiss male conscripts

et al. 2016

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BackgroundIn Switzerland, as in other developed countries, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased substantially since the early 1990s. Most of the analyses so far have been based on sporadic surveys or self-reported data and did not offer potential for small-area analyses. The goal of this study was to investigate spatial variation and determinants of obesity among young Swiss men using recent conscription data.MethodsA complete, anonymized dataset of conscription records for the 2010–2012 period were provided by Swiss Armed Forces. We used a series of Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models to investigate the spatial pattern of obesity across 3,187 postcodes, varying them by type of random effects (spatially unstructured and structured), level of adjustment by individual (age and professional status) and area-based [urbanicity and index of socio-economic position (SEP)] characteristics.ResultsThe analysed dataset consisted of 100,919 conscripts, out of which 5,892 (5.8 %) were obese. Crude obesity prevalence increased with age among conscripts of lower individual and area-based SEP and varied greatly over postcodes. Best model’s estimates of adjusted odds ratios of obesity on postcode level ranged from 0.61 to 1.93 and showed a strong spatial pattern of obesity risk across the country. Odds ratios above 1 concentrated in central and north Switzerland. Smaller pockets of elevated obesity risk also emerged around cities of Geneva, Fribourg and Lausanne. Lower estimates were observed in North-East and East as well as south of the Alps. Importantly, small regional outliers were observed and patterning did not follow administrative boundaries. Similarly as with crude obesity prevalence, the best fitting model confirmed increasing risk of obesity with age and among conscripts of lower professional status. The risk decreased with higher area-based SEP and, to a lesser degree – in rural areas.ConclusionIn Switzerland, there is a substantial spatial variation in obesity risk among young Swiss men. Small-area estimates of obesity risk derived from conscripts records contribute to its understanding and could be used to design further studies and interventions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40608-016-0092-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Further complicating this relationship is the concept of social mobility, in which people can move up or down the social hierarchy throughout the life-course. Previous research has shown the direction of mobility to be accompanied by improvement or worsening of health, and likewise changes in health can often be related to fluctuations in social circumstances [13,14]. Therefore, more information is needed on whether the association between early social disadvantage and later obesity can be modified by the process of social mobility during the life-course [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early exposure to social disadvantages and later life body mass index beyond genetic predisposition in three generations of Finnish birth cohorts

et al. 2020

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Background: The study aimed to explore the association between early life and life-course exposure to social disadvantage and later life body mass index (BMI) accounting for genetic predisposition and maternal BMI. Methods: We studied participants of Helsinki Birth Cohort Study born in 1934-1944 (HBCS1934-1944, n = 1277) and Northern Finland Birth Cohorts born in 1966 and 1986 (NFBC1966, n = 5807, NFBC1986, n = 6717). Factor analysis produced scores of social disadvantage based on social and economic elements in early life and adulthood/over the life course, and was categorized as high, intermediate and low. BMI was measured at 62 years in HBCS1934-1944, at 46 years in NFBC1966 and at 16 years in NFBC1986. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to explore associations between social disadvantages and BMI after adjustments for polygenic risk score for BMI (PRS BMI), maternal BMI and sex. Results: The association between exposure to high early social disadvantage and increased later life BMI persisted after adjustments (β = 0.79, 95% CI, 0.33, 1.25, p < 0.001) in NFBC1966. In NFBC1986 this association was attenuated by PRS BMI (p = 0.181), and in HBCS1934-1944 there was no association between high early social disadvantage and increased later life BMI (β 0.22, 95% CI-0.91,1.35, p = 0.700). In HBCS1934-1944 and NFBC1966, participants who had reduced their exposure to social disadvantage during the life-course had lower later life BMI than those who had increased their exposure (β − 1.34, [− 2.37,-0.31], p = 0.011; β − 0.46, [− 0.89,-0.03], p = 0.038, respectively). Conclusions: High social disadvantage in early life appears to be associated with higher BMI in later life. Reducing exposure to social disadvantage during the life-course may be a potential pathway for obesity reduction.

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Obesity in Young Adulthood Is Related to Social Mobility Among Swedish Men

Cited by 18 publications

References 17 publications

Intra- And Intergenerational Social Mobility in Relation to Height, Weight and Body Mass Index in a British National Cohort

Intra- And Intergenerational Social Mobility in Relation to Height, Weight and Body Mass Index in a British National Cohort

Finding big shots: small-area mapping and spatial modelling of obesity among Swiss male conscripts

Early exposure to social disadvantages and later life body mass index beyond genetic predisposition in three generations of Finnish birth cohorts

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