Obesity in Samoans and a perspective on its etiology in Polynesians

McGarvey, Stephen T.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/53.6.1586s

Cited by 138 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This study finding is however similar to findings from rural communities in South Eastern Nigeria (Ahaneku et al, 2011;Ulasi et al, 2010). The rising prevalence of obesity in rural areas is due to nutritional transition, coupled with transition away from agricultural (both for production and subsistence) to wage labour that has decreased the physical activity of people (McGarvey, 1991;Snodgrass et al, 2006). Among both men and women, the change in occupation leading to a subsequent decrease in daily physical activity is greater in rural areas.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Obesitysupporting

confidence: 82%

High prevalence of central obesity in rural South-Western Nigeria: Need for targeted prevention

Raimi¹,

Odusan²,

Fasanmade³

2015

J. Diabetes Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, and is now prevalent in low-income and middleincome countries. This study sets out to determine the prevalence of obesity as well as its predictors in rural South-Western Nigeria. Cross-sectional descriptive survey of 416 participants aged 20 to 70 years in two rural communities in Remo North Local Government area of Ogun State, Nigeria was taken. Relevant clinical and demographic parameters were obtained. Participants were screened for generalized and central obesity, using standard protocol. The prevalence of overweight and generalized obesity was 21.4 and 10.5%, respectively in all the participants. Females had a higher frequency of generalized obesity than the males (p<0.001). Central obesity was significantly more prevalent among the female participants with three different criteria (p≤0.001). More participants were classified as centrally obese using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) than waist circumference (WC). Predictors of central obesity were age, female gender, alcohol and cigarette smoking. The prevalence of obesity is high in rural communities of South-Western Nigeria. Compared to men, the chances of developing central obesity (defined as increased WC) increased by 11-fold among the women. Targeted aggressive healthy lifestyle intervention becomes necessary to prevent future cardiovascular disease.

show abstract

Section: Prevalence Of Obesitysupporting

confidence: 82%

High prevalence of central obesity in rural South-Western Nigeria: Need for targeted prevention

Raimi¹,

Odusan²,

Fasanmade³

2015

J. Diabetes Endocrinol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Compared to the US and most other populations, levels of overweight and obesity are remarkably high in Samoan adults and children residing in American Samoa and the independent nation of Samoa, and are strongly associated with measures of modernization. [5][6][7][8] ) Obesity is a complex phenotype resulting from interaction of genetic, environmental, cultural, nutritional and lifestyle factors. Therefore, identification of genetic variants associated with obesity has been difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide scan for adiposity-related phenotypes in adults from American Samoa

et al. 2007

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To detect quantitative trait loci influencing adiposity-related phenotypes assessed by body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (ABDCIR), percent body fat (%BFAT) and fasting serum leptin and adiponectin using a whole genome linkage scan of families from American Samoa. Design: Family-based linkage analysis, the probands and family members were unselected for obesity. Subjects: A total of 583 phenotyped American Samoan adults, of which 578 were genotyped in 34 pedigrees. Measurements: A total of 377 autosomal and 18 X chromosome microsatellite markers were typed at an approximate average spacing of 10 cM spanning the genome. Multipoint LOD (logarithm of the odds) scores were calculated using variancecomponents approaches and SOLAR/LOKI software. The covariates simultaneously evaluated were age, sex, education, farm work and cigarette smoking, with a significance level of 0.1. Due to the stochastic nature of LOKI, we report the average of maximum LOD scores from 10 runs. Results: Significant linkage to leptin was found at 6q32.2 with LOD of 3.83. Suggestive linkage to leptin was found at 16q21:LOD ¼ 2.98, 1q42.2:LOD ¼ 1.97, 5q11.2:LOD ¼ 2.08, 12q24.23:LOD ¼ 2.00, 19p13.3:LOD ¼ 2.05; adiponectin was linked to 13q33.1-q22.1:LOD ¼ 2.41; %BFAT was linked to 16q12.2-q21, LOD ¼ 2.24; ABDCIR was linked to 16q23.1:LOD ¼ 1.95; %BFAT-adjusted leptin to 14q12, LOD ¼ 2.01; %BFAT-adjusted ABDCIR to 1q31.1, LOD ¼ 2.36, to 3q27.3-q28, LOD ¼ 2.10 and to 12p12.3, LOD ¼ 2.04. Conclusion: We found strong evidence for a major locus on 6q23.2 influencing serum leptin levels in American Samoans. The 16q21 region appears to harbor a susceptibility locus that has significant pleiotrophic effects on phenotypes BMI, %BFAT, leptin and ABDCIR as shown by bivariate linkage analyses. Several other loci of varying significance were detected across the genome.

show abstract

“…The weight gain of 1.3 kg over 1 y in the control church supports the observation of McGarvey that weight gain continues in Samoans despite pre-existing adiposity. 11 Other studies of Paci®c Islands populations have shown similar weight gains. Simmons et al, in South Auckland, observed a 3.1 kg (s.d.…”

Section: A Large and Weight Gaining Populationmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…9 ± 12 Key features of the modernisation process are diets that contain more fat, particularly animal fat, and lifestyles that are increasingly sedentary. 11,13 Interventions that reverse these trends are likely to reduce the prevalence of obesity as well as having a bene®cial effect on other CHD and diabetes risk factors. 14 ± 16 However, there are few studies that have attempted weight loss in communities with a high prevalence of obesity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A nutrition and exercise intervention program for controlling weight in Samoan communities in New Zealand

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVE:To promote weight loss in Samoan church communities through an exercise program and nutrition education. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design was used to assess weight change, over 1 y, in cohorts of people aged 20 ± 77 y from three non-randomised Samoan church communities (two intervention, n 365 and one control, n 106) in Auckland, New Zealand. The intervention churches received aerobics sessions and nutrition education about dietary fat. RESULTS: Baseline body mass index for the intervention and control churches was (mean AE s.e.) 34.8 AE 0.4 and 34.3 AE 0.9 kgam 2 , respectively. The intervention churches lost an average of 0.4 AE 0.3 kg compared to a 1.3 AE 0.6 kg weight gain in the control church (P 0.039, adjusted for confounders). The number of people who were vigorously active increased by 10% in the intervention churches compared to a 5% decline in the control church (P 0.007). Nutrition education had little apparent impact on knowledge or behaviour. CONCLUSION: Samoan communities in New Zealand are very obese and have high rates of annual weight gain. A communitybased intervention program arrested this weight gain in the short term. International Journal of Obesity (2001) 25, 920 ± 927

show abstract

Obesity in Samoans and a perspective on its etiology in Polynesians

Cited by 138 publications

References 22 publications

High prevalence of central obesity in rural South-Western Nigeria: Need for targeted prevention

High prevalence of central obesity in rural South-Western Nigeria: Need for targeted prevention

Genome-wide scan for adiposity-related phenotypes in adults from American Samoa

A nutrition and exercise intervention program for controlling weight in Samoan communities in New Zealand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About