Obesity in Latin America

Aschner, Pablo

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11251-0_4

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The epidemiological transition from acute, infectious diseases to noncommunicable, chronic conditions has changed the health profile of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC; Sepúlveda & Murray, 2014). Simultaneous processes of urbanization and industrialization have contributed to a nutritional transition resulting in diets high in sugar, poor quality fats, processed foods low in fiber, and reduced physical activity (Aschner, 2016). In LAC, the prevalence of diabetes is estimated to be 10%; of these cases, more than 90% are type 2 diabetes (T2D; Bello-Chavolla & Aguilar-Salinas, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualizing Experiences of Diabetes-Related Stress in Rural Dominican Republic

2018

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Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is changing the burden of disease across Latin America. In this formative, qualitative study, we explored experiences of T2D diagnosis and management among adults in rural Dominican Republic. We conducted 28 in-depth interviews (12 men, 16 women) and used inductive analysis to explore the emotional burden of T2D and identify coping strategies. We found that stress relating to T2D began at diagnosis and persisted throughout management. Stress was produced by concerns about healthy food and medication access, fears about illness-induced injury, and the cyclical process of experiencing stress. Participants identified diabetes care and free medication services as external stress-reducers. Internally, participants' mitigated stress by not thinking about diabetes ("no dar mente"). Our study highlights the importance of a contextualized understanding of diabetes-related stress and the need for individual, clinic, and community-level interventions to reduce stressors and improve health outcomes among adults with T2D.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualizing Experiences of Diabetes-Related Stress in Rural Dominican Republic

2018

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“… 46 Mexico, along with the USA, has the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity among all OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries 20 and one of the highest in Latin America, along with Chile, El Salvador, Honduras and Paraguay. 47 However, obesity prevalence is not homogeneous across Mexico. The highest rates of obesity are concentrated in the northern and central regions 20 and in urban areas of the country, 48 which roughly matches our regional pattern of IHD and diabetes mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in avoidable mortality over the life course in Mexico, 1990–2015: a cross-sectional demographic analysis

2018

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ObjectiveTo analyse average lifespan and quantify the effect of avoidable/amenable mortality on the difference between state-specific mortality and a low-mortality benchmark in Mexico during 1990–2015.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional demographic analysis using aggregated data.SettingVital statistics from the Mexican civil registration system.ParticipantsAggregated national data (from 91.2 million people in 1995 to 119.9 in 2015) grouped in 64 populations (32 Mexican states (including Mexico City) by sex) with cause-of-death data.Main outcome measuresCause-specific contributions to the gap in life expectancy with a low-mortality benchmark in three age groups (0–14, 15–49 and 50–84 years).ResultsInfants and children under the age of 15 years show improvements towards maximal survival in all states. However, adult males aged 15 to 49 years show deterioration after 2006 in almost every state due to increasing homicides, and a slow recovery thereafter. Out of 35 potential years, females and males live on average 34.57 (34.48 to 34.67) and 33.80 (33.34 to 34.27), respectively. Adults aged 50 to 84 years show an unexpected decrease in the low mortality benchmark, indicating nationwide deterioration among older adults. Females and males in this age group show an average survival of 28.59 (27.43 to 29.75) and 26.52 (25.33 to 27.73) out of 35 potential years, respectively. State gaps from the benchmark were mainly caused by ischaemic heart diseases, diabetes, cirrhosis and homicides. We find large health disparities between states, particularly for the adult population after 2005.ConclusionsMexico has succeeded in reducing mortality and between-state inequalities in children. However, adults are becoming vulnerable as they have not been able to reduce the burden of violence and conditions amenable to health services and behaviours, such as diabetes, ischaemic heart diseases and cirrhosis. These trends have led to large health disparities between Mexican states in the last 25 years.

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“…Según estas medidas se definió como bajo peso, eutrófico, sobrepeso y obesidad. Se consideró también la obesidad abdominal según las recomendaciones de la (8) Federación Americana de Diabetes . Luego de transcurridas las 08 semanas en el programa, se les realizó una segunda evaluación mediante laboratorio, prueba funcional tipo prueba de esfuerzo graduada y se les aplicó nuevamente el cuestionario QLMI-2.…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

“…No hubo reducción significativa de los pacientes que tuvieron sobrepeso y obesidad en nuestro grupo de trabajo. Por otro lado, sí hubo una reducción significativa en los que tuvieron obesidad abdominal según los criterios de la Federación Americana de (8) Diabetes para América Latina , lo cual se puede correlacionar a la reducción de la grasa corporal y grasa (13) visceral en nuestro grupo de estudio .…”

Section: Agredecimientosunclassified

Rehabilitación Cardiaca en Pacientes Con Cardiopatía Coronaria en El Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular De Essalud Setiembre 2017-Febrero 2018

Ñahui¹,

Fernández

Fernandez³

et al. 2019

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Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV), constituyen un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial; en EsSalud, se ubica en séptimo puesto de las patologías con mayor carga de enfermedad. Los programas de rehabilitación cardiaca basados en ejercicios equipan un conjunto de intervenciones diseñadas para mejorar la recuperación del paciente con problemas cardiovasculares agudos o crónicos, los cuales mejoran la capacidad funcional, calidad de vida y ayudan al control de los factores de riesgo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de un Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca (PRC) en pacientes con enfermedad coronaria. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: El estudio fue de tipo observacional, analítico, retrospectivo y longitudinal. La población estuvo constituida por pacientes que ingresaron al Programa de Rehabilitación Cardiaca del INCOR-ESSALUD entre los meses de setiembre a diciembre del 2017 con diagnóstico de enfermedad coronaria y que completaron las evaluaciones pertinentes. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 109 historias clínicas de pacientes con enfermedad coronaria la mayoría de sexo masculino y con hipertensión arterial como el principal factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Se encontró que luego de completar la PRC, los participantes disminuyeron la circunferencia abdominal (p = 0.000), la presión arterial (p = 0.000) y mejoraron su consumo de oxígeno estimado en METS (p = 0.000); asimismo hubo una reducción de la obesidad abdominal (p = 0.008) y mejoría de la clase funcional (p = 0.000); además existe una mejoría significativa en la calidad de vida de los pacientes (p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONES: El PRC tiene efectos significativos sobre la obesidad abdominal, mejoría del consumo de oxígeno estimado, capacidad funcional y calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad coronaria.

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Obesity in Latin America

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Contextualizing Experiences of Diabetes-Related Stress in Rural Dominican Republic

Contextualizing Experiences of Diabetes-Related Stress in Rural Dominican Republic

Trends in avoidable mortality over the life course in Mexico, 1990–2015: a cross-sectional demographic analysis

Rehabilitación Cardiaca en Pacientes Con Cardiopatía Coronaria en El Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular De Essalud Setiembre 2017-Febrero 2018

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