Obesity in kidney disease: A heavyweight opponent

Abstract

Obesity is an important worldwide challenge that must be faced in most developed and developing countries because of unhealthy nutritional habits. The consequences of obesity and being overweight are observed in different organs, but the kidney is one of the most affected. Excess adipose tissue causes hemodynamic alterations in the kidney that can result in renal disease. However, obesity is also commonly associated with other comorbidities such as chronic inflammation, hypertension and diabetes. This association of several aggravating factors is still a matter of concern in clinical and basic research because the pathophysiologic mechanisms surrounding chronic kidney disease development in obese patients remain unclear. This review will discuss the consequences of obesity in the context of renal injury.

Matrix Metalloproteinase Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Complex Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Electrical Cardioversion in Obese Patients

“…Obesity is a growing public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, more than 1.4 billion adults over 20 years of age are overweight [19]. A number of studies have demonstrated that overweight and obesity are risk factors for AF [20,21,22].…”

“…Obesity is also commonly associated with comorbidities such as chronic inflammation, hypertension and diabetes, which can lead to CKD [19]. Excess adipose tissue causes hemodynamic alterations in the kidney that can contribute to renal disease [19].…”

El niño obeso en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. Puesta al día

“…111,112 Además, se ha atribuido un papel para la activación del eje RAA a la compresión del hilio renal por la grasa visceral y el aumento de la presión intraabdominal. 113 La leptina se une a los receptores endoteliales glomerulares y mesangiales, y estimula la proliferación celular (expansión mesangialglomerular), la síntesis de factor de crecimiento transformante b1, producción de colágeno tipo I y IV y transporte de glucosa. 114 Luego, mediante comunicación paracrina entre la célula endotelial y mesangial, la leptina promueve el depósito de la glomerulopatía asociada a la obesidad, la cual es una patología única ligada al exceso de peso.…”

The obese child in the Intensive Care Unit. Update

“…111,112 In addition, renal hilum compression by visceral fat and increased intraabdominal pressure have been attributed a role in the RAA axis activation. 113 Leptin binds to glomerular and mesangial endothelial receptors and stimulates cell proliferation (mesangial-glomerular expansion), synthesis of transforming growth factor β-1, production of type I and IV collagen, and glucose transport. 114 Then, paracrine communication between endothelial and mesangial cells allows leptin to promote an extracellular matrix depot, which in the end causes glomerulosclerosis and concomitant tubulointerstitial injury.…”