Obesity Impairs the Action of the Neuroendocrine Ghrelin System

Zigman, Jeffrey M.; Bouret, Sébastien G.; Andrews, Zane B.

doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.09.010

Cited by 118 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(132 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide that is produced by cells in the gastrointestinal tract and acts on the hypothalamus to stimulate food intake [75]. Thus, ghrelin has been proposed as a treatment for muscle wasting (Figure 1).…”

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Zhou

Liu

Liang

et al. 2016

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

147

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Zhou

Liu

Liang

et al. 2016

Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

147

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Diets inducing weight loss reduce this resistance, pointing to possible defence mechanisms of body weight set-point established during times of food availability. 63 Voluntary weight loss secondary to low-calorie diets is accompanied by an increase in circulating ghrelin levels, leading to increased hunger sensation and therefore food intake. 64 As a result, attractive hypotheses have been put forward regarding the mechanism of repetitive weight gain in patients on cyclic diets, which can partially explain the present obesity epidemic.…”

Section: Ghrelin and Weight Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of ghrelin in energy balance and body weight homeostasis

Mihalache¹,

Gherasim²,

Niţă³

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ghrelin is a gut peptide composed of 28 amino acids mostly secreted in the gastric fundus mucosa. It was isolated and described in 1999 by Kojima et al. and only three years later its specific receptor, ghsR1a, was also identified. ghrelin, the endogenous ligand for the gh secretagogue receptor, is the only peripheral orexigenic hormone that activates the receptors to be found especially in the appetite center (hypothalamus and pituitary gland). ghrelin is present in human plasma in two forms: an inactive form known as deacylated ghrelin, and an active form called acylated ghrelin synthesized under the action of ghrelin O-acyltransferase enzyme (gOAT). The literature even mentions an extremely complex ghrelin/gOAT/ghsR system involved in the regulation of human energy, metabolism and adaptation of energy homeostasis to environmental changes. In humans, there is a preprandial rise and a postprandial fall in plasma ghrelin levels, which strongly suggest that the peptide plays a physiological role in meal initiation and may be employed in determining the amount and quality of ingested food. Besides the stimulation of food intake, ghrelin determines a decrease in energy expenditure and promotes the storage of fatty acids in adipocytes. Thus, in the human body ghrelin induces a positive energy balance, an increased adiposity gain, as well as an increase in caloric storage, seen as an adaptive mechanism to caloric restriction conditions. In the current world context, when we are witnessing an increasing availability of food and a reduction of energy expenditure to a minimum level, these mechanisms have become pathogenic. As a consequence, the hypothesis that ghrelin is involved in the current obesity epidemic has been embraced by many scholars and researchers

show abstract

“…Several other molecules produced in the periphery provide feedback to the hypothalamus to regulate energy intake and expenditure. For instance, ghrelin, which is produced in the gastrointestinal tract, increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure and becomes dysregulated in obesity [47]. Other key peripheral molecules impacting the hypothalamus and energy homeostasis include insulin and amylin, which are secreted by the pancreas, adiponectin, which is secreted by adipose tissue, and irisin, which is secreted by muscle, and are all affected by obesity [48-64].…”

Section: Homeostatic Brain Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central nervous system regulation of eating: Insights from human brain imaging

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Appetite and body weight regulation are controlled by the central nervous system (CNS) in a rather complicated manner. The human brain plays a central role in integrating internal and external inputs to modulate energy homeostasis. Although homeostatic control by the hypothalamus is currently considered to be primarily responsible for controlling appetite, most of the available evidence derives from experiments in rodents, and the role of this system in regulating appetite in states of hunger/starvation and in the pathogenesis of overeating/obesity remains to be fully elucidated in humans. Further, cognitive and affective processes have been implicated in the dysregulation of eating behavior in humans, but their exact relative contributions as well as the respective underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We briefly review each of these systems here and present the current state of research in an attempt to update clinicians and clinical researchers alike on the status and future directions of obesity research.

show abstract

Obesity Impairs the Action of the Neuroendocrine Ghrelin System

Cited by 118 publications

References 84 publications

Cytokine Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Cytokine Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Wasting

Effects of ghrelin in energy balance and body weight homeostasis

Central nervous system regulation of eating: Insights from human brain imaging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About