Obesity, hyperinsulinism, and diabetes mellitus in childhood

Martin, Malcolm M.; Martin, Arline L.A.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(73)80154-4

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The reasons for these differences are not entirely clear, but methodological and calendar effects could be important. A number of previous reports used a different definition of IGT, which would favor detection of higher prevalences (25), and some observations date back several decades (11)(12)(13). The prevalence of IGT in our study was also significantly lower than the Ͼ20% recently reported in American obese children and adolescents from a multiethnic background (6).…”

Section: Pubertycontrasting

confidence: 57%

“…A positive family history for obesity and diabetes was present in more than half of the children, as was also reported in a smaller group of obese children (24), and the prevalence of insulin resistance was high. IGT was present in 4.5% of these children, a prevalence that is lower than that previously reported by other authors in obese children of Caucasian origin (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). The reasons for these differences are not entirely clear, but methodological and calendar effects could be important.…”

Section: Pubertymentioning

confidence: 62%

“…However, the risk of progression to chronic hyperglycemia may also be related to constitutional factors because African-American children (9) and young Japanese with IGT (10) exhibit higher and lower insulin responses, respectively, to an acute elevation of glucose levels compared with Caucasians. The studies reporting the prevalence of IGT in obese children of entirely European origin are relatively few and are not conducted in large cohorts (11)(12)(13)(14)(15). Obesity in childhood also seems to harbor a number of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adult life, but is not yet clear whether these are determined by glycemia, degree of obesity, or other demographic, clinical, or biochemical features of the obese child.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Concomitants of Glucose Intolerance in European Obese Children and Adolescents

et al. 2003

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OBJECTIVE -The worldwide increase in the prevalence of childhood obesity is reaching epidemic proportions and is associated with a dramatic rise in cases of type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of glucose intolerance and its determinants and the relation of cardiovascular risk factors with levels of glycemia and degree of obesity were studied in grossly obese children of European origin. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-A total of 710 grossly obese Italian children (SD score [SDS] of BMI 3.8 Ϯ 0.7) aged 6 -18 years, including 345 male subjects, underwent an oral glucose tolerance test. Insulin resistance and insulin secretion were estimated using the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance and the insulinogenic index, respectively. Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, lipids, and uric acid were measured. The 2-h postload glucose and degree of obesity, calculated as the SDS of weight/height 2 , were used as dependent variables.RESULTS -The prevalence of glucose intolerance was 4.5%. Insulin resistance (P Ͻ 0.0001), impaired insulin secretion (P Ͻ 0.0001), and diastolic blood pressure (BP) (P Ͻ 0.05) were significantly and independently related to 2-h postload glucose values. The degree of obesity did not relate to insulin resistance but was independently correlated with inflammatory proteins, uric acid, and systolic BP, variables that were often abnormal in this population.CONCLUSIONS -In these grossly obese children, both insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion contribute to the elevation of glycemia, and the degree of obesity is related to cardiovascular risk factors independently of insulin resistance.

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Section: Pubertycontrasting

confidence: 57%

Section: Pubertymentioning

confidence: 62%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Concomitants of Glucose Intolerance in European Obese Children and Adolescents

et al. 2003

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“…The increased fasting plasma levels of IRI as well as C-peptide in the obese children in this study further substantiate the basal hyperinsulinaemia associated with childhood obesity [5,21]. The observed positive correlation between fasting plasma concentrations of IRI and C-peptide on the one hand and relative weight on the other is consistent with previous reports [5,20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Abbreviations: IRI = immunoreactive insulin; IDs0=concentra -tion of insulin required to reduce the tracer binding of I~sI-insulin by 50% ; OGTT = oral glucose tolerance test 21]. This hyperinsulinaemia has in general been considered a consequence of increased pancreatic insulin secretion, although some evidence for a decreased hepatic insulin extraction in obese adults has accumulated over the last few years [8,28].…”

Section: Offprint Requests To: M Knipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced insulin removal and erythrocyte insulin binding in obese children

1988

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To study the relationship between childhood obesity, weight loss, hyperinsulinaemia and the erythrocyte insulin receptor, we measured the plasma concentrations of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and C-peptide and the binding of 125I-insulin to erythrocytes in 12 obese children with a mean age +/- SD of 11.4 +/- 2.5 years and a mean relative weight score +/- SD of 4.8 +/- 1.4 and 12 age-matched normal-weight children. Eight obese children were re-evaluated after 1 year's participation in a weight reduction programme. The obese children had higher fasting plasma concentrations of IRI (P less than 0.01) and C-peptide (P less than 0.05) and a lower C-peptide to IRI molar ratio (P less than 0.01) than the normal-weight children. The obese children had in addition a reduced erythrocyte insulin binding (P less than 0.05 or less) over the physiological range of circulating insulin concentration. There was a negative correlation (r = -0.60; P less than 0.01) between the insulin tracer binding and the relative weight. The weight reduction programme resulted in a decrease of 1.0 SD (P less than 0.05) in the mean relative weight score. At the end of the therapy the obese children had lower fasting blood glucose levels (P less than 0.05) and lower plasma IRI concentrations at 90 min (P less than 0.05) after an oral glucose load than at the onset of therapy. There were no significant differences between the insulin binding characteristics at the commencement and at the end of the treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The Young Child: Obesity

Lloyd

1979

Nutrition and Growth

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Obesity, hyperinsulinism, and diabetes mellitus in childhood

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Prevalence and Concomitants of Glucose Intolerance in European Obese Children and Adolescents

Prevalence and Concomitants of Glucose Intolerance in European Obese Children and Adolescents

Reduced insulin removal and erythrocyte insulin binding in obese children

The Young Child: Obesity

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