Obesity epidemic has emerged among Nigerians

Akarolo-Anthony, Sally; Willett, Walter C.; Spiegelman, Donna; Adebamowo, Clement

doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-455

Cited by 65 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This result is consistent with other studies which have shown that obesity was more marked among urban and highly-educated people who are more likely to have sedentary lifestyle and access to ample processed foods (Akarolo-Anthony et al, 2014). Factors that were significantly associated with higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study were age and education among females and grade level among male civil servants.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Factors that were significantly associated with higher prevalence of overweight and obesity in this study were age and education among females and grade level among male civil servants. This finding is consistent with the findings that higher education among women and higher occupational level were associated with increased obesity prevalence (Akarolo-Anthony et al, 2014;Martorell et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Earlier studies have also shown higher incidence of obesity among females than males (Adebayo et al, 2014;Fadupin et al, 2014;Banwat et al, 2012;Wahab et al, 2011). The recurring higher prevalence of obesity among women have been linked to gradual weight gain with successive pregnancies, perception of weight gain as evidence of socio-economic class, fattening practices and sedentary lifestyle (Akarolo-Anthony et al, 2014;Holdsworth et al, 2004;Brink, 1989). The high incidence of abdominal obesity is worrisome following the reported links with liver fat accumulation and associated metabolic syndrome (Jakobsen et al, 2007;Haap et al, 2011), which could increase the existing burden on the Nigerian health system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In Nigeria, the burden of overweight and obesity is increasing and estimation showed over 20 percent increase in the burden within the last fifteen years (Akarolo-Anthony et al, 2014;Adebayo et al, 2014;Chukwuonye et al, 2013;Wahab et al, 2011). Obesity impairs mental health (Hillman et al, 2010) which could affect productivity, places large burden on health system and leads to fall in productivity following absenteeism, decreased productivity of employees while at work, disability, and premature mortality (Hammond and Levine, 2010;Ricci and Chee, 2005;Fontaine et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender differences in factors associated with overweight and obesity among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria

Ajani¹,

Susan²,

Ariyo³

2015

Int. J. Nutr. Metab.

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Overweight and obesity constitute global public health problems with consequences on health and productivity of workers. This study was designed to describe the gender variation in the factors associated with overweight, obesity and hypertension among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria. This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in 280 civil servants recruited from seven local government areas in Lagos state using random sampling technique. A pre-tested, intervieweradministered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic and anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure. Weight, height and waist circumference (WC) were measured using standard procedure. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at p = 0.05. Age was 44.8 ± 8.5 years, 68.2% were males and 80.4% were married. About 64% had tertiary education; higher in males (70.7%) than females (49.4%). The crude prevalence of overweight and obesity was 70.7%. Overweight was significantly higher in males (61.7%) than females (52.3%) while obesity was significantly higher in females (47.7%) than males (38.3%). Abdominal obesity was more common in males (31.6%) than females (23.1%). Body mass index was higher in females (28.05 ± 4.9) compared to males (27.83 ± 5.8); WC was higher in females (94.6 ± 10.0) than males (93.08 ± 12.6). Obesity was predominant among civil servants aged 51 to 60 years in both gender groups. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was higher in females (124.08 ± 19.8) than males (122.4 ± 22.8) whereas diastolic BP was higher in males (84.3 ± 13.1) than females (83.7 ± 12.1). The prevalence of hypertension was 42.9%; higher in females (44.6%) than males (42.1%). Among female civil servants, overweight and obesity were significantly associated with age, education while among males they were significantly associated with grade level. Overweight, obesity and hypertension are high among civil servants; prevalence and associated factors differ by gender. Gender-sensitive public health intervention is hereby recommended to influence health behavior of civil servants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Gender differences in factors associated with overweight and obesity among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria

Ajani¹,

Susan²,

Ariyo³

2015

Int. J. Nutr. Metab.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effect of both of these predictors on BMI appears to depend on the wealth and education status in the broader society. Higher BMI is often seen in the wealthier and better-educated in low and middle-income countries as evidenced by studies in peri-urban and rural Uganda and urban Nigeria and national South African studies [25,34,35]. In contrast, in high income countries, obesity appears to be more prevalent in poorer, less-educated individuals [36,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, clinical and behavioural predictors of body mass index vary by sex in rural South African adults-findings from the AWI-Gen study

Wagner

Crowther

Gómez‐Olivé

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Despite increasing obesity in South African adults, data on the prevalence and determinants of body mass index (BMI) from rural communities, home to a significant proportion of the population, are scarce. Objectives: To investigate overall and sex-specific determinants of BMI in a rural adult South African population undergoing rapid social and epidemiological transitions. Methods: Baseline cross-sectional demographic, socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical and behavioural data were collected between 2015 and 2016 from 1388 individuals aged 40–60 years and resident in the Agincourt sub-district of Mpumalanga province, a setting typical of rural northeast South Africa. A Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) underpins the sub-district and contributes to the Africa Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic Studies (AWI-Gen). Linear regression was used to investigate univariate associations between log-transformed BMI and individual variables and multiple linear regression was used to investigate independent predictors of BMI overall and in sex-stratified analyses. Results: Median BMI was significantly higher in females (28.7 kg/m2[95% CI 24.2–33.2] vs 23.0 kg/m2[95% CI 20.3–26.8];p < 0.001) with male sex associated with 17% lower BMI. In sex-stratified multiple linear regression models, compared to those never married, BMI was 7% higher in currently married males and 6% in currently married females. Current smoking in men and former smoking in women were associated with reductions in BMI of 13% and 26% respectively, compared with non-smokers. Higher educational attainment in women and higher socioeconomic status in men were both associated with higher BMI, while being HIV-positive and alcohol consumption in women were associated lower BMI. Conclusions: Female sex strongly predicts higher BMI in this rural African population. While some predictors of higher BMI differ by sex, married individuals in both sexes had a higher BMI, suggesting that, in addition to developing sex-specific interventions to combat overweight and obesity, targeting married couples may result in reduction in population BMI.

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Non‐communicable diseases by age strata in people living with and without HIV in four African countries

Chang,

Esber,

Dear

et al. 2022

J Int AIDS Soc.

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Introduction: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are an important driver of morbidity among ageing people living with HIV (PLWH). We examined the composite role of age and HIV status on NCDs in people living with and without HIV. Methods: The African Cohort Study (AFRICOS) prospectively enrols participants aged ≥15 years with and without HIV at 12 sites in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Nigeria. From 21 January 2013 to 1 September 2021, we assessed participants for renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/minute/1.73 m 2 ), elevated blood pressure (BP) (any systolic BP >139 mmHg or diastolic BP >89 mmHg), obesity (body mass index >30 kg/m 2 ), diabetes mellitus (DM) (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or antidiabetic medication) and dysglycemia (fasting glucose ≥99 mg/dl or non-fasting ≥199 mg/dl). Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with each NCD. The main exposure of interest was a composite of HIV status and age dichotomized around 50 years. All models were adjusted for study site and sex. The renal insufficiency model was additionally adjusted for elevated BP and dysglycemia. Results and discussion: Of 3761 participants with age data, 557 (14.8%) were age ≥50, 2188 (58.2%) were females and 3099 (82.4%) were PLWH. At enrolment, the prevalence of elevated BP, dysglycemia, renal insufficiency and obesity were n = 128 (26.9%), n = 75 (15.8%), n = 8 (1.7%) and n = 40 (8.4%), respectively, for PLWH ≥50. Compared to people without HIV age <50, PLWH age ≥50 had increased adjusted odds of having DM (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.49-5.16), dysglycemia (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.51-2.61) and renal insufficiency (OR: 6.20, 95% CI: 2.31-16.66). There were significant differences by study site, specifically, participants from Nigeria had the highest odds of elevated BP, dysglycemia and renal insufficiency as compared to Uganda. Conclusions: There was a high burden of NCDs in this African cohort with differences by geographic region. In order to promote healthy ageing with HIV, screening and treatment for common NCDs should be incorporated into routine HIV care with attention paid to geographic heterogeneity to better allocate resources.

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Obesity epidemic has emerged among Nigerians

Cited by 65 publications

References 31 publications

Gender differences in factors associated with overweight and obesity among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria

Gender differences in factors associated with overweight and obesity among civil servants in Lagos, Nigeria

Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, clinical and behavioural predictors of body mass index vary by sex in rural South African adults-findings from the AWI-Gen study

Non‐communicable diseases by age strata in people living with and without HIV in four African countries

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