Obesity Distribution and Reproductive Hormone Levels in Women: A Report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study

Olson, Marian B.; Shaw, Leslee J.; Kaizar, Eloise; Kelsey, Sheryl F.; Bittner, Vera; Reis, Steven E.; Smith, Karen; Braunstein, Glenn D.; Berga, Sarah L.; Johnson, B. Delia; Merz, C. Noel Bairey

doi:10.1089/jwh.2006.15.836

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In the cross-sectional study of Lukanova et al (97), estrogen and testosterone levels were increased with higher BMI in healthy postmenopausal women and this was recently confirmed in the study of Freeman et al (98). In agreement, in the study of Olson et al (99) performed on 207 postmenopausal women undergoing angiography for suspected ischemia, estradiol levels were significantly associated with waist circumference measurement and BMI in the regression analyses. However, in the study of Janssen et al (94), estradiol levels did not appear to have a significant relationship with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Obesity-insulin Resistance-metabolic Syndromesupporting

confidence: 55%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endogenous sex steroids and cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period

Παππά

Alevizaki

2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Cardio-and cerebro-vascular diseases are two leading causes of death and long-term disability in postmenopausal women. The acute fall of estrogen in menopause is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The relative contribution of androgen to this risk is also being recognized. The use of more sensitive assays for estradiol measurement and the study of receptor and carrier protein gene polymorphisms have provided some new information on the clinical relevance of endogenous sex steroids. We provide an update on the role of endogenous sex steroids on cardio-and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period. Design and methods: We performed a PubMed search using the terms 'endogenous estrogen', 'androgen', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cerebro-vascular disease', 'stroke', 'carotid artery disease', and 'subclinical atherosclerosis'. Results: The majority of studies show a beneficial effect of endogenous estrogen on the vasculature; however, there are a few studies reporting the contrary. A significant body of literature has reported associations of endogenous estrogen and androgen with early markers of atherosclerosis and metabolic parameters. Data on the relevance of endogenous sex steroids in heart disease and stroke are inconclusive. Conclusions: Most studies support a beneficial role of endogenous estrogens and, probably, an adverse effect of androgens in the vasculature in postmenopausal women. However, the described associations may not always be considered as causal. It is possible that circulating estrogen might represent a marker of general health status or alternatively reflect the sum of endogenous androgens aromatized in the periphery. Elucidating the role of sex steroids in cardio-and cerebro-vascular disease remains an interesting field of future research.

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Section: Obesity-insulin Resistance-metabolic Syndromesupporting

confidence: 55%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endogenous sex steroids and cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period

Παππά

Alevizaki

2012

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…36 However, a recent study demonstrated a positive correlation between oestradiol levels and body weight. 37 Therefore, we cannot predict the effect of BMI on oestrogen and ERa mRNA levels in our sample of women. Unfortunately, we do not have access to information about circulating oestrogen levels in the individuals investigated here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Oestrogen receptor α gene expression levels are reduced in obese compared to normal weight females

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine whether oestrogen receptor (ER)a messenger RNA (mRNA) levels or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with obesity in Swedish women. Design: ERa mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time qPCR in subcutaneous adipose tissue from non-obese (N ¼ 16, BMI o30) and obese (N ¼ 17, BMI X30) women. In addition, ERa mRNA expression levels were determined in isolated adipocytes. ERa promoter usage was characterized by 5 0 RACE and by real-time qPCR in subcutaneous adipose tissue from the same non-obese and obese women. Two ERa SNPs were scored in 509 non-obese and 489 obese females. Results: ERa mRNA expression levels were lower in obese compared to non-obese women in both subcutaneous adipose tissue and in adipocytes. We show that two ERa promoters are differentially utilized in obese and non-obese individuals. We did not find any significant association between obesity and the ERa SNPs or haplotypes assayed. Conclusion: The reduced ERa mRNA levels observed in adipose tissue from obese compared to non-obese women support a role for oestrogen signaling via ERa, in control of body weight. Mechanistic studies of the role of ERa in adipocytes and how its expression is regulated in relation to fat mass should be performed. The latter studies should focus on the two promoters that are used differently in obese and non-obese individuals.

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“…The significantly higher BMI of the cases may indicate that obesity is related to TMD in females. High levels of estrogen have been related both to higher BMI values [29] and to TMD pain [30]. The link may thus relate to female hormones, physical activity levels, or both, and warrants more research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A two-year follow-up study of temporomandibular disorders in a female Sami population: validation of cases and controls as predicted by questionnaire

Storm

Wänman

2007

Acta Odontologica Scandinavica

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Obesity Distribution and Reproductive Hormone Levels in Women: A Report from the NHLBI-Sponsored WISE Study

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endogenous sex steroids and cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Endogenous sex steroids and cardio- and cerebro-vascular disease in the postmenopausal period

Oestrogen receptor α gene expression levels are reduced in obese compared to normal weight females

A two-year follow-up study of temporomandibular disorders in a female Sami population: validation of cases and controls as predicted by questionnaire

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