Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Vascular Impediment as Consequences of Excess Processed Food Consumption

Abstract

Regular intake of ready-to-eat meals is related to obesity and several noninfectious illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumors. Processed foods contain high calories and are often enhanced with excess refined sugar, saturated and trans fat, Na + andphosphate-containing taste enhancers, and preservatives. Studies showed that monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces raised echelons of oxidative stress, and excessive hepatic lipogenesis is concomitant to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, more than standard salt intake adversely affects the cardiovascular system, renal system, and central nervous system (CNS), especially the brain. Globally, excessive utilization of phosphate-containing preservatives and additives contributes unswervingly to excessive phosphate intake through food. In addition, communities and even health experts, including medical doctors, are not well-informed about the adverse effects of phosphate preservatives on human health. Dietary phosphate excess often leads to phosphate toxicity, ultimately potentiating kidney disease development. The mechanisms involved in phosphate-related adverse effects are not explainable. Study reports suggested that high blood level of phosphate causes vascular ossification through the deposition of Ca 2+ and substantially alters fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and calcitriol.

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“…In the present study, the prevalence of obesity and associated factors among students in Burao College of Health Science were investigated according to the findings, the prevalence of obesity and overweight was 22.2%, which is significantly higher compared to the study in Bangalore 13% the discrepancy might be due to differences in socioeconomic background, sample size, dietary habits, types of meals and exercise habits [23]. Factors associated with overweight and obesity include consumption of fast food this could be increased excess energy consumption, increased caloric intake and lower diet quality this is consistence with study done in Indonesia, Pakistan, Malaysia, India and dairy products among students in Burao College of Health Science [30][31][32][33]. The impact of consuming dairy products on weight can vary depending on different factors.…”

The Potential Harmful Effects of Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) on the Intestinal Microbiome and Public Health

“… Metabolic diseases: All the components of the metabolic syndrome are related to a perturbated gut microbiome, hazardous mobilome, and disbalance of a fine synergistic luminal homeostasis [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ]. Harmful proteinomes and metabolomes, increased intestinal permeability, post-translational modification of naïve peptides to immunogenic ones, cross-reactive autoantibodies, sequence similarity, molecular mimicry, bacterial fragments blood translocation and some other auto-immunogenic pathways might drive GEM involvement in metabolic conditions [ 2 , 85 , 96 , 97 ]. Allergic conditions: Food allergy is highly related to intestinal dysbiosis, and eubiotic equilibrium might protect allergy patients [ 98 ].…”

Exploring the Function of Inflammatory Routes in Insulin Resistance: Interpreting the Inflammatory Veil of Medusa

“…Overindulgence in free fatty acids (FFAs) leads to the metabolism of lipid intermediates, including DAG and ceramides, which impede insulin signalling and enhance cellular stress responses [27]. For example, ceramides activate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), which inhibits insulin signalling and dephosphorylates Akt [28].…”