Obesity

Krauss, Ronald M.; Winston, Mary; Fletcher, Barbara J.; Grundy, Scott M.

doi:10.1161/01.cir.98.14.1472

Cited by 380 publications

(133 citation statements)

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“…Figure 2 plots the number of steps over 24 h against VO 2 max. On average 23 h and 51.6 min per day were spent at a sedentary activity level (<3 METs) and the remaining 8.4 min were spent in moderate activity (3)(4)(5)(6). No length of time was spent at a level greater than 6 METs for any of the individuals while under observation.…”

Section: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measurementmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…2,3 This physical inactivity coupled with increasing rates of obesity is likely to fuel cardiovascular and other obesityrelated diseases for years to come. 4 Despite being obese, it has been shown that individuals with moderate-tohigh levels of cardiorespiratory fitness have cardiovascular death rates that are 71% lower than their unfit counterparts. 5 In the past, unbiased measurement of physical activity has been cumbersome, not clinically practical, and subject to observer and participant bias.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Sedentary Lifestyle in the Morbidly Obese

Vanhecke

Franklin

Miller

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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Background: Sedentary lifestyles and poor physical fitness are major contributors to the current obesity and cardiovascular disease pandemic. Hypothesis: Daily physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are correlated in morbidly obese individuals in their free-living environment. Methods: Ten morbidly obese participants continuously wore an activity sensor that measured caloric expenditure, minute-by-minute physical activity, and steps/day over a 72-h period. Following collection of the device data, structured cardiorespiratory fitness testing was performed on each subject. Results: Mean caloric expenditure for all individuals was 2,668±481 kcal/d. On average, subjects took 3,763±2,223 steps. On average 23 h and 51.6 min per d were spent sleeping or engaged in sedentary activity (<3 metabolic equivalents [METs]) and the remaining 8.4 min were spent in moderate activity (3-6 METs). Average peak VO 2 was 16.8±4.7 mL/kg/min. Higher peak VO 2 correlated with higher total caloric expenditure (TCE; r = 0.628, p = 0.05) and trended with higher steps/day (r = 0.591, p = 0.07). Conclusions: Most morbidly obese participants in this study were markedly sedentary. These study results may provide important links between obesity, poor fitness, and cardiovascular disease.

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Section: Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measurementmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Sedentary Lifestyle in the Morbidly Obese

Vanhecke

Franklin

Miller

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] More than 80% of the estimated obesity-attributable deaths occurred among individuals with body mass index (BMI) of X30.0, 6 and obesity appears to reduce markedly the life expectancy, especially in younger adults. 7 In the United States, the reported prevalence of BMI X30.0 in 2003-2004 was 32.2% among adults X20 years of age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass index and weight change since 20 years of age and risk of coronary heart disease among Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-Based Study

et al. 2007

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Background: Obesity and weight gain are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease in Western countries. However, their impact is not well elucidated in Asia, where body mass index (BMI) levels are generally lower than in Western countries. We examined associations of BMI (kg/m 2 ) and weight change with risk of coronary heart disease in Japanese people. Methods and results: A total of 43 235 men and 47 444 women aged 40-69 years living in communities were followed up from 1990 to 2001 in the Japan Public Health Center-based (JPHC) prospective study . During 879 619 person-years of follow-up, we documented 399 cases of coronary heart disease (334 myocardial infarction and 65 sudden cardiac death) for men and 119 (95 myocardial infarction and 24 sudden cardiac death) for women. Compared with persons with BMI 23.0-24.9, men, but not women, with BMI X30.0 had higher risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction; the multivariable relative risks for men were 1.8 (1.1-3.0) and 1.9 (1.1-3.2), respectively. When weight change was examined according to BMI at age 20 years, men with initial BMI o21.7 who gained more than 10 kg compared with men of no weight change had a twofold higher risk of coronary heart disease. Both men and women with initial BMI X21.7 showed no association between weight loss and the risk. Conclusions: High BMI was associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease among men. Also, weight gain was associated with increased risk among lean men.

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“…Many of the epidemiological studies performed to date did not take into account age, sex, BMI and, in particular, abdominal obesity when evaluating associations between glucose and cardiovascular risk factors. This is important because insulin sensitivity can be reduced with age and with increased central adiposity [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%