Obesity, central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: a family‐based study

Ali, Omar; Cerjak, Diana; Kent, Jack W.; James, Roland; Blangero, John; Zhang, Yi

doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2014.218.x

Cited by 100 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Hormonal differences have been postulated as possible explanations (4, 27), as have behavioral factors such as differences in physical activity and sedentary behavior, however, no definitive conclusions have been reached (28, 29). Differences in body distribution of excess adiposity could be another explanation, as there are studies that suggest that visceral adiposity is a stronger influence on cardiometabolic abnormalities (30, 31). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth

Isasi

Parrinello

Ayala

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To determine the prevalence of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in US Hispanic/Latino youth and examine whether there are disparities by sex in cardiometabolic risk factors. Study design SOL Youth is a population-based cross-sectional study of 1466 Hispanic/Latino youth (8-16 years old) who were recruited from four urban US communities (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL, Miami, FL, and San Diego, CA) in 2012-2014. The majority of children were US-born (78%) and from low-income and immigrant families. Cardiometabolic risk factors were defined using national age- and sex-specific guidelines. Results The prevalence of obesity was 26.5%. The prevalence of class II-III obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia was high (9.7%, 16.5%, and 23.3%, respectively). The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors increased with severity of obesity in both, boys and girls. Boys had a higher prevalence of diabetes and of elevated blood pressure than girls (20.9% vs. 11.8% and 8.5% vs. 3.3%). In multivariable analyses, younger boys were more likely to have obesity class II-III than girls (OR = 3.59; 95% CI 1.44, 8.97). Boys were more likely to have prediabetes than girls (OR = 2.02; 95% CI 1.35, 3.02), and the association was stronger at older ages. Conclusions The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors was high in this sample of Hispanic youth. Boys had a more adverse cardiometabolic profile compared with girls that may put them at higher risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease later in life. Reasons for this disparity and the long-term clinical implications remain to be elucidated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth

Isasi

Parrinello

Ayala

et al. 2016

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…Although not direct measures of body composition, for groups of children, high BMI and waist circumference accurately reflect high adiposity (i.e., fat mass) obtained through assessment of body composition 21–26 and chronic disease markers. 21,27 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community Policies and Programs to Prevent Obesity and Child Adiposity

Frongillo

Fawcett

Ritchie

et al. 2017

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Evidence regarding impact of community policies and programs (CPPs) to prevent child obesity is limited, and which combinations of strategies and components are most important is not understood. The Healthy Communities Study was an observational study to assess relationships of characteristics and intensity of CPPs with adiposity, diet, and physical activity in children, taking advantage of variation across the U.S. in community actions to prevent child obesity. The study examined the association of CPPs to prevent child obesity with measured BMI and waist circumference, hypothesizing that communities with more-comprehensive CPPs would have children with lower adiposity. Methods The study included 130 communities selected by probability-based sampling or because of known CPPs targeting child obesity. Data were collected at home visits on 5,138 children during 2013–2015. CPPs were scored for multiple attributes to create a CPP intensity score. A CPP target behavior score reflected the number of distinct target behaviors addressed. Scores were standardized with the smallest observed score across communities being 0 and the largest 1. Multilevel regression analysis in 2016 adjusted for community, household, and individual characteristics. Results Higher CPP target behavior score was significantly associated with lower BMI and waist circumference in a dose–response relationship, with magnitude for the past 3 years of CPPs of 0.843 kg/m2 (p=0.013) for BMI and 1.783 cm (p=0.020) for waist circumference. Conclusions This study provides plausible evidence that comprehensive CPPs targeting a greater number of distinct physical activity and nutrition behaviors were associated with lower child adiposity.

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“…In addition, longitudinal studies have shown that a healthy body composition in childhood and adolescence is associated with a healthier cardio-metabolic profile later on in life [14,15]. These findings have been replicated in clinical adult populations with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and several types of cancer [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triceps and Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Percentiles and Cut-Offs for Overweight and Obesity in a Population-Based Sample of Schoolchildren and Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia

et al. 2016

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The assessment of skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. The aims of this study were to establish Colombian smoothed centile charts and LMS L (Box–Cox transformation), M (median), and S (coefficient of variation) tables for triceps, subscapular, and triceps + subscapular skinfolds; appropriate cut-offs were selected using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis based on a population-based sample of children and adolescents in Bogotá, Colombia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 9618 children and adolescents (55.7% girls; age range of 9–17.9 years). Triceps and subscapular skinfold measurements were obtained using standardized methods. We calculated the triceps + subscapular skinfold (T + SS) sum. Smoothed percentile curves for triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness were derived using the LMS method. ROC curve analyses were used to evaluate the optimal cut-off point of skinfold thickness for overweight and obesity, based on the International Obesity Task Force definitions. Subscapular and triceps skinfolds and T + SS were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that subscapular and triceps skinfolds and T + SS have a high discriminatory power in the identification of overweight and obesity in the sample population in this study. Our results provide sex- and age-specific normative reference standards for skinfold thickness values from a population from Bogotá, Colombia.

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Obesity, central adiposity and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents: a family‐based study

Cited by 100 publications

References 20 publications

Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth

Sex Differences in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors among Hispanic/Latino Youth

Community Policies and Programs to Prevent Obesity and Child Adiposity

Triceps and Subscapular Skinfold Thickness Percentiles and Cut-Offs for Overweight and Obesity in a Population-Based Sample of Schoolchildren and Adolescents in Bogota, Colombia

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