Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally

Ravelli, Anita C.J.; Meulen, Jan van der; Osmond, Clive; Barker, D. J. P.; Bleker, O. P.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/70.5.811

Cited by 1,019 publications

(705 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, similar findings among humans are limited. Some studies of the Dutch Famine suggest that early-gestation exposure was associated with obesity among women (32) and with an atherogenic lipid profile (33) independent of effects on size at birth. Similarly, maternal bereavement before or during pregnancy increases risk of offspring overweight independent of birth weight (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to a natural disaster increases risk for obesity in 5½-year-old children

et al. 2011

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to a natural disaster increases risk for obesity in 5½-year-old children

et al. 2011

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“…11 Our findings are in line with previous studies showing associations of both low and high birth weight with an increased risk of developing overweight. [49][50][51] Recent studies have reported that this might be dependent on programming of lean body mass as well as programming of fat mass. The ALSPAC study found a positive association of birth weight with both lean body mass and total body fat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking and determinants of subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: the Generation R Study

Hokken-Koelega

Mook‐Kanamori

et al. 2008

Int J Obes

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Objectives: To examine the development and tracking of subcutaneous fat mass in the first 2 years of life and to examine which parental, fetal and postnatal characteristics are associated with subcutaneous fat mass. Design: This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a prospective cohort study from early fetal life onward. Subcutaneous fat mass was measured by skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, suprailiacal, subscapular) at the ages of 1.5, 6 and 24 months in 1012 children. Information about parental, fetal and postnatal growth characteristics was collected by physical and fetal ultrasound examinations and questionnaires. Results: Normal values of subcutaneous fat mass are presented. Total subcutaneous fat mass was higher in girls than in boys at the age of 24 months (P ¼ 0.01). Subjects in the lowest and highest quartiles at the age of 6 months tended to keep their position in the same quartile at the age of 24 months (odds ratios 1.86 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3, 2.7)) and 1.84 (95% CI: 1.3, 2.6), respectively). Maternal height and weight, paternal weight, fetal weight at 30 weeks, birth weight and weight at the age of 6 weeks were each inversely associated with subcutaneous fat mass at the age of 24 months after adjustment for current weight at 24 months. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that subcutaneous fat mass tends to track in the first 2 years of life. Furthermore, the results suggest that an adverse fetal environment and growth are associated with increased subcutaneous fat mass at the age of 24 months. Further studies are needed to examine whether these associations persist in later life.

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“…Studies of young adult men and middle-aged women exposed to intrauterine famine during the Dutch Hunger Winter of 1944 indicate that obesity may be in part determined through nutritional programming in early to mid-gestation. 31,32 Law et al 33 noted that waist-hip ratio, an indicator of how body fat is distributed, was negatively related to weight at birth suggesting that abdominal fatness is programmed before birth. The Nurses Health Study indicated a U-shaped relationship between birth weight and later body weight, with higher body mass index observed in women in the lowest and highest birth weight groupings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to undernutrition in fetal life determines fat distribution, locomotor activity and food intake in ageing rats

2006

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Objective: To assess the long-term impact of undernutrition during specific periods of fetal life, upon central adiposity, control of feeding behaviour and locomotor activity. Design: Pregnant rats were fed a control or low-protein (LP) diet, targeted to early (LPE), mid (LPM) or late (LPL) pregnancy or throughout gestation (LPA). The offspring were studied at 9 and 18 months of age. Measurements: Adiposity was assessed by measuring weight of abdominal fat depots relative to body weight. Locomotor activity was assessed using an infrared sensor array system in both light and dark conditions. Hypothalamic expression of mRNA for galanin and the galanin 2 receptor (Gal2R) was determined using real-time PCR. Results: At 9 months, male rats exposed to LP in utero had less fat in the gonadal depot, but were of similar body weight to controls. By 18 months, the males of groups LPA and LPM had more abdominal and less subcutaneous fat. Females deposited more fat centrally than males between 9 and 18 months of age, and this was more marked in groups LPA and LPL. Food intake was greater in LPM males. Among females hypophagia was noted in groups LPA and LPL. Expression of galanin and Gal2R were unaffected by maternal diet. Total locomotor activity was reduced in LPE males and all LP females in the light but not in the dark. Conclusion: Locomotor activity and feeding behaviour in aged rats are subject to prenatal programming influences. Fetal undernutrition does not programme obesity in rats without postnatal dietary challenge.

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Obesity at the age of 50 y in men and women exposed to famine prenatally

Cited by 1,019 publications

References 20 publications

Prenatal exposure to a natural disaster increases risk for obesity in 5½-year-old children

Prenatal exposure to a natural disaster increases risk for obesity in 5½-year-old children

Tracking and determinants of subcutaneous fat mass in early childhood: the Generation R Study

Exposure to undernutrition in fetal life determines fat distribution, locomotor activity and food intake in ageing rats

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