Obesity associated with increased brain age from midlife

Ronan, Lisa; Alexander-Bloch, Aaron; Wagstyl, Konrad; Farooqi, I. Sadaf; Brayne, Carol; Tyler, Lorraine K.; Cam‐CAN,; Fletcher, Paul C.

doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.07.010

Cited by 191 publications

(155 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Obesity is associated with age‐related functional declines in the brain, which are characterized by decreased executive functions, loss of memory, and impaired processing speed . At the anatomical level, results from the cortical reconstruction of 527 individuals have revealed that excess adiposity is associated with cerebral white‐matter atrophy corresponding to a 10‐year older brain in people with obesity . Obesity may accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative phenotypes through the aggregation of α‐synuclein, pathological protein modifications, and neuroinflammation in mice .…”

Section: Obesity Drives Ageing At Multiple Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human-brain 96 Cerebral white-matter volume Individuals with obesity were associated with brain atrophy and this effect was found to be strongest at the age of 40, corresponding to an increase in white matter-based brain age of 10 years.…”

Section: Ageing Of Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…118 At the anatomical level, results from the cortical reconstruction of 527 individuals have revealed that excess adiposity is associated with cerebral white-matter atrophy corresponding to a 10-year older brain in people with obesity. 96 Obesity may accelerate the onset of neurodegenerative phenotypes through the aggregation of α-synuclein, pathological protein modifications, and neuroinflammation in mice. 94 In humans, α-synuclein also accumulates with age in brain; this accumulation not only accelerates the onset of Parkinson disease but also interacts with free fatty acid (FFA) in people with obesity and hyperlipidaemia.…”

Section: Declines In Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and ageing: Two sides of the same coin

2020

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Summary Conditions and comorbidities of obesity mirror those of ageing and age‐related diseases. Obesity and ageing share a similar spectrum of phenotypes such as compromised genomic integrity, impaired mitochondrial function, accumulation of intracellular macromolecules, weakened immunity, shifts in tissue and body composition, and enhanced systemic inflammation. Moreover, it has been shown that obesity reduces life expectancy by 5.8 years in men and 7.1 years in women after the age of 40. Shorter life expectancy could be because obesity holistically accelerates ageing at multiple levels. Besides jeopardizing nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA integrity, obesity modifies the DNA methylation pattern, which is associated with epigenetic ageing in different tissues. Additionally, other signs of ageing are seen in individuals with obesity including telomere shortening, systemic inflammation, and functional declines. This review aims to show how obesity and ageing are “two sides of the same coin” through discussing how obesity predisposes an individual to age‐related conditions, illness, and disease. We will further demonstrate how the mechanisms that perpetuate the early‐onset of chronic diseases in obesity parallel those of ageing.

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Section: Obesity Drives Ageing At Multiple Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ageing Of Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Declines In Cognitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obesity and ageing: Two sides of the same coin

2020

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“…Work is beginning to appear on factors such as exercise, obesity (Baxendale et al, 2015; Hamed, 2015), vascular risk (Hamed, 2015) and metabolic abnormalities in epilepsy—some related to cognitive status (Baxendale et al, 2015). These are important developments as recent population based investigation has shown atrophy of cerebral white- matter volume to be associated with overweight and obese individuals with maximal effects in middle- age corresponding to an estimated increase of brain age of 10 years (Ronan et al, 2016). Relatedly, population based investigations have shown elevated vascular risk factors that could assist in explaining the high risk of cerebral and cardiac vascular disease in epilepsy patients (e.g., hyperlipidemia) (Harnod, Chen, Li, Sung, & Kao, 2014), which may be due in part to untoward antiepileptic medications (Brodie et al, 2013).…”

Section: Where Is the Neuropsychology Of Epilepsy Headed During The Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradigm Shifts in the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Hermann

Loring

Wilson

2017

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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This article reviews the major paradigm shifts that have occurred in the area of the application of clinical and experimental neuropsychology to epilepsy and epilepsy surgery since the founding of the International Neuropsychological Society. The five paradigm shifts discussed include: 1) The neurobiology of cognitive disorders in epilepsy – expanding the landscape of syndrome-specific neuropsychological impairment; 2) pathways to comorbidities: bidirectional relationships and their clinical implications; 3) discovering quality of life: The concept, its quantification and applicability; 4) outcomes of epilepsy surgery: challenging conventional wisdom; and 5) Iatrogenic effects of treatment: cognitive and behavioral effects of antiepilepsy drugs. For each area we characterize the status of knowledge, the key developments that have occurred, and how they have altered our understanding of the epilepsies and their management. We conclude with a brief overview of where we believe the field will be headed in the next decade which includes changes in assessment paradigms, moving from characterization of comorbidities to interventions; increasing development of new measures, terminology and classification; increasing interest in neurodegenerative proteins; transitioning from clinical seizure features to modifiable risk factors; and neurobehavioral phenotypes. Overall, enormous progress has been made over the lifespan of the INS with promise of ongoing improvements in understanding of the cognitive and behavioral complications of the epilepsies and their treatment. (JINS, 2017,23, 791–805)

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“…Further, obesity is associated with increased brain age. 7 In addition, Type 2 Diabetes per se accelerates…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Macromolecular Damage Underlies the Decreased Longevity of Wnin/Gr-Ob Rats Fed High Sucrose Diet

Raghunath¹

2017

JNHFE

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Abbreviations: HSD, high sucrose diet, SBD, starch based diet, WNIN/Gr-Ob, wistar national institute of nutrition obese rats, HOMA IR, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, AUC, area under curve, OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test, ROS, reactive oxygen species. IntroductionAgeing is a universal phenomenon, defined as the process of gradual and spontaneous change, resulting in maturation through childhood, puberty, young adulthood and then decline through middle and late age. It is also the accumulation of various changes in physical, psychological, and social behavior of a person. The ever changing urbanization and life style is demanding more work, leading to stress and changed eating habits of people around the world. India is not an exception. According to WHO estimates, more than 1·3billion adults worldwide are overweight, and a further 600million are obese.1 Obesity is the major cause of disability and premature deaths in developing countries. Insulin resistance is the major etiological factor for diabetes and the risk association between obesity and diabetes is mediated through insulin resistance.2 Indeed, insulin resistance and visceral fat accumulation are two important culprits in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease and they predispose organisms to premature ageing. 3India is ranked the highest in the world for obesity induced diabetes. It is estimated by International diabetes federation that the number of people in India with diabetes is 3.9% of total population and this may rise to 5.3% by 2030. This condition is partly due to genetic factors, specially the Asian Indian phenotype with the underlying biochemical abnormalities and partly due to dietary patterns and life style habits 4 with an increased number of young people succumbing to diabetes. The alarming rise in the number of people with type -II diabetes necessitates urgent attention as many of them show preaging or advanced or accelerated aging symptoms even at the age of 35-40years. Accelerated aging is a faster-than-normal deterioration in the functioning of the body and mind. It is fast becoming an epidemic in developed and developing countries.Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, not only is the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, but also obesity is occurring at younger ages. AbstractAgeing is a universal, multifactorial phenomenon, determined by genetic and environmental factors such as diet, stress etc. Diet associated disorders are widely prevalent in India and have been attracting much attention and research in recent times, mostly due to increased awareness among population of the importance of nutrition and balanced diet. Adaptation of western lifestyle (eg. consupmtion of calorie rich, high fat foods, lack of physical activity etc) has increased the prevalence of metabolic disorders like obesity, hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases etc. It is known that obesity and diabetes per se accelerate ageing, but it is not clear whether or not superimposing diabetes on obe...

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Obesity associated with increased brain age from midlife

Cited by 191 publications

References 71 publications

Obesity and ageing: Two sides of the same coin

Obesity and ageing: Two sides of the same coin

Paradigm Shifts in the Neuropsychology of Epilepsy

Increased Macromolecular Damage Underlies the Decreased Longevity of Wnin/Gr-Ob Rats Fed High Sucrose Diet

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