Obesity as Type 2 Diabetes Common Comorbidity: Study of Type 2 Diabetes Patients’ Eating Behaviour and Other Determinants in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Obesity is a common comorbidity of type-2 diabetes and one of the most modifiable risk factors for preventing other comorbid conditions, such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. Using a cross-sectional design, this study aimed to determine eating behavior, factors related with obesity and the dominant factor of obesity in patients with type-2 diabetes. Data were collected from 133 members of the Chronic Disease Countermeasure Program in Jatinegara Primary Health Care, East Jakarta, that were selected using purposive sampling. Food intake was assessed by 1 × 24-hour food recall and the Food Frequency Questionnaire, Physical activity was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results showed that 63.9% of the surveyed type-2 diabetics were obese (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) and that the respondents consumed more fat than the recommended value (30.77% ± 9.06%) but less energy than the required value (62.06% ± 23.67%). The prevalence of obesity among adults with type-2 diabetes could be associated with nutritional knowledge, education level, and the length of suffering from the disease. Nutritional knowledge was found to be a dominant factor associated with obesity. AbstrakObesitas merupakan salah satu komorbiditas yang banyak terjadi pada pasien diabetes tipe 2 dan salah satu faktor risiko yang dapat diubah dalam pencegahan komorbiditas lain seperti nefropati diabetik dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Menggunakan desain potong lintang, penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perilaku makan, faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan obesitas dan faktor dominan obesitas pada pasien diabetes tipe 2. Data dikumpulkan dari 133 peserta Program Penanggulangan Penyakit Kronis di Puskesmas Jatinegara, Jakarta Timur, yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Asupan makanan diukur melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner food recall 1 x 24 jam dan Food Frequency Questionnaire, dan aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan kuesioner Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 63,9% orang dewasa dengan diabetes tipe 2 yang disurvei mengalami obesitas (indeks massa tubuh (IMT) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ), asupan lemak lebih tinggi dibandingkan rekomendasi (30,77 ± 9,06%), tetapi rerata asupan energi kurang dibandingkan energi yang dibutuhkan (62,06 ± 23,67%). Prevalensi obesitas pada orang dewasa dengan diabetes tipe 2 berhubungan dengan pengetahuan tentang gizi, tingkat pendidikan, dan lamanya menderita diabetes tipe 2. Pengetahuan tentang gizi merupakan faktor dominan terhadap obesitas.

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