Obesity as a Disease: The Obesity Society 2018 Position Statement

Jastreboff, Ania M.; Kotz, Catherine M.; Kahan, Scott; Kelly, Aaron S.; Heymsfield, Steven B.

doi:10.1002/oby.22378

Cited by 263 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Several prominent associations, including the Canadian Medical Association, recognize obesity as a chronic relapsing primary disease characterized by excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body . Obesity is associated with many serious comorbidities, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐World Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Canada

Wharton¹,

Liu²,

Pakseresht³

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective Real‐world clinical effectiveness of liraglutide 3.0 mg, in combination with diet and exercise, was investigated 4 and 6 months post initiation. Changes in absolute and percent body weight were examined from baseline. Methods A cohort of liraglutide 3.0 mg initiators in 2015 and 2016 was identified from six Canadian weight‐management clinics. Post initiation values at 4 and 6 months were compared with baseline values using a paired t test. Results The full cohort consisted of 311 participants, with 210 in the ≥ 4‐month persistence group and 167 in the ≥ 6‐month persistence group. Average baseline BMI was 40.7 kg/m2, and weight was 114.8 kg. There was a significant change in body weight 6 and 4 months after initiation of treatment in persistent subjects (≥ 6‐month: −8.0 kg, P < 0.001; ≥ 4‐month: −7.0 kg, P < 0.001) and All Subjects, regardless of persistence (−7.3 kg; P < 0.001). Percentage change in body weight from baseline was −7.1% in the ≥ 6‐month group and −6.3% in the ≥ 4‐month group, and All Subjects lost 6.5% body weight. Of participants in the ≥ 6‐month group, 64.10% and 34.5% lost ≥ 5% and > 10% body weight, respectively. Conclusions In a real‐world setting, liraglutide 3.0 mg, when combined with diet and exercise, was associated with clinically meaningful weight loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real‐World Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Canada

Wharton¹,

Liu²,

Pakseresht³

et al. 2019

Obesity

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“…Obesity develops as the result of long-term positive energy balance with accumulation of excess adipose tissue and its stored fat, mainly triglycerides (1)(2)(3). The increase in body mass is variously referred to as "excess body weight" (4), "adiposity tissue" (5), and "obesity tissue" (6,7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity Tissue: Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans

Hwaung

Bosy‐Westphal

Müller

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective Chronic positive energy balance leads to obesity, and the “excess” weight is usually described as consisting solely of adipose tissue (AT) or its two components, fat and fat‐free mass (nonfat cell mass, extracellular fluid). This study aimed to clarify the nature of “obesity” tissue. Methods A total of 333 adults had AT, skin, skeletal muscle, bone, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and residual mass measured or derived using magnetic resonance imaging and dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. First, associations between these components and AT were examined by developing multiple regression models. Next, obesity‐tissue composition was developed by deriving mean component mass differences between participant groups with normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and those with obesity (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2); respective resting energy expenditures and metabolizable energy and protein contents were calculated. Results AT significantly predicted organ‐tissue mass in 17 of 18 multiple regression models. In addition to AT and skeletal muscle, the following associations were found: skin, liver, and bone were main contributors to obesity‐tissue composition; liver, kidneys, and heart to resting energy expenditure; and skin, liver, and bone to metabolizable energy and protein contents. A pronounced sexual dimorphism was present in all three models. Conclusions Obesity is characterized not only by excess AT but by increases in the masses of other “companion” organs and tissues and their related metabolic properties.

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“…No one doubts the economic costs of obesity, estimated at 5-14% of health expenditure for 2020-2050 (1), but there is disagreement whether fatness is considered a disease (2) or a behavioral risk factor, similar to smoking, alcohol and substance abuse that may lead to a disease (3). Current opinion also emphasizes social determinants and equity, thereby moving away from personal responsibility concepts (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Obesity Pandemic—Whose Responsibility? No Blame, No Shame, Not More of the Same

Berry

2020

Front. Nutr.

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Obesity as a Disease: The Obesity Society 2018 Position Statement

Cited by 263 publications

References 11 publications

Real‐World Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Canada

Real‐World Clinical Effectiveness of Liraglutide 3.0 mg for Weight Management in Canada

Obesity Tissue: Composition, Energy Expenditure, and Energy Content in Adult Humans

The Obesity Pandemic—Whose Responsibility? No Blame, No Shame, Not More of the Same

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