Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg?

Muscogiuri, Giovanna; Barrea, Luigi; Somma, Carolina Di; Laudisio, Daniela; Colao, Annamaria; Savastano, Silvia

doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1506979

Cited by 157 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 76 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

140

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Internet addiction, obesity, physical inactivity, stress, alcohol, the opioid epidemic, night work, incorrect lifestyle habits such as eating late, exercising late, and/or an irregular/ imbalanced lifestyle as well as living on the western edge of a time zone, all can disrupt sleep homeostasis [3,79,93,[113][114][115][116][117]. In most instances, the relationship is bidirectional [32,85,93,114,115,[118][119][120][121][122][123][124]. One of the main obstacles to early bedtimes are electronic devices and social media [116,125].…”

Section: Contributing Epidemiologic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Association of Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome

Smiley¹,

Wolter²,

Nissan³

2019

J Med - Clin Res & Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a U-shaped association between sleep duration and risk of metabolic syndrome. The related mechanisms can be grouped into two categories: I. Too little slow-wave sleep; II. Too much REM sleep. Too little slow-wave sleep. 1) Stage 3 is the most crucial sleep stage because growth hormone (GH) and GH releasing hormone (GHRH) are released during this stage. They induce fat burning, bone building, and general repair and regeneration. The greater the volume of GH and GHRH released, the more restorative the sleep. The longest part of stage 3 in sleep takes place before midnight. Delayed sleep onset until midnight or later, would suppress the largest GH pulse. 2) Sleep restriction induces high levels of ghrelin and low levels of leptin. Ghrelin stimulates appetite whereas leptin does the reverse. 3) Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are significantly increased in chronic sleep insufficiency and are also associated with insulin resistance in males with chronic sleep insufficiency. 4) Sleep insufficiency increases sympathetic activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines, both of which increase insulin resistance. 5) Accumulations of extracellular β amyloid protein plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles in brain tissues start immediately after one night of sleep insufficiency. These plaques and tangles are neurotoxins that potentiate each other's destructive effects on the structures and functions of brain cells and cause neuronal death. The consequence is a global decrease in cognition and decision making, manifested in increased consumption of fatty foods and unhealthy snacks in late sleepers. 6) High levels of β amyloid and proteins might lead to sleep fragmentation, worsening of sleep quality and daytime somnolence. Concentration will be more difficult, and performance will be reduced. 7) Astrocytes are special giant cells in brain interstitial fluids that play a major role in β amyloid and tau cleanup. Their activity is increased by growth hormone. As a result, slow-wave sleep insufficiency may lead to impaired peripheral clearance of β amyloid and tau proteins predisposing the brain to Alzheimer's disease. Too much REM sleep. 1) The REM stage is the dreaming stage. The level of cortisol starts to rise in the middle of night based on circadian rhythm, and peaks in the morning. Cortisol is the fight or flight hormone, equipping the individual both to meet the demands of daily life and to handle stressful situations. It stimulates the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones increase heart rate and blood pressure as they prepare the body to initiate activity quickly. These reactions occur on top of heart rate variability and a rise in blood pressure induced by REM sleep. If the individual wakes up early in the morning, he will use the cortisol properly to prepare for the new day. If instead he or she remains asleep, there will be no physical activity, and the cortisol levels that are normal for a person who is awake will be high levels for the one who is asleep. Then, the sleeper m...

show abstract

Section: Contributing Epidemiologic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of Association of Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome

Smiley¹,

Wolter²,

Nissan³

2019

J Med - Clin Res & Rev

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…High BMI and short sleep duration caused by sleep disorders are both public health concerns due to their high and increasing prevalence in the overall population [1-4] and their broad-ranging adverse health-related consequences such as endocrine and metabolic alterations, life-threating cardiovascular diseases, and impaired daytime functioning and mood [47,48]. Although the bidirectional relationship between obesity and sleep disturbances is well-accepted [49], and the effects of short sleep on BMI have been widely shown and explained [10,50], the underlying mechanism explaining the effects of high BMI on sleep still remains uncertain [11,12]. According to our results, sedentary time may be one of the mediating factors explaining the negative impact of high BMI on sleep duration in young men, which is in accordance with previous studies where sedentariness was independently and closely associated with higher BMI and shorter sleep duration [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A bidirectional relationship between sleep disorders and obesity therefore has been widely accepted throughout the body of literature in this field. However, although the effects of short sleep on obesity have been shown in clinical and epidemiological research [9,10], the underlying mechanisms explaining the effects of obesity on sleep, and thus the potential bidirectional association, still remaining unclear [11,12]. Potential mediating factors may be sedentariness and physical activity, which have been closely related to both obesity and sleep duration and quality [13][14][15].…”

Section: Short Sleep Duration (Commonly < 7 H Per Night) [5]-includedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential mediating factors may be sedentariness and physical activity, which have been closely related to both obesity and sleep duration and quality [13][14][15]. Although the relationship between BMI and short sleep duration may be explained by hormonal and neuroendocrine alterations related to obesity [11], those who have a high BMI are usually less active and display greater sitting time and screen viewing, which is inversely associated to sleep quality and duration [15,16] as well as to sleep time needed to recover [13]. Regarding physical activity, specifically moderate-vigorous physical activity, although it has been related to better BMI and sleep duration and quality [17,18], some studies did not find this association in younger ages [19].…”

Section: Short Sleep Duration (Commonly < 7 H Per Night) [5]-includedmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Body composition impact on sleep in young adults: The mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet

Carneiro‐Barrera

Amaro‐Gahete

Acosta

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundObesity and short sleep duration have both been related to endocrine and metabolic alterations, type II diabetes mellitus, life-threating cardiovascular diseases, and impaired daytime functioning and mood. However, the bidirectional relationship between these conditions and underlying mechanisms still remain unclear, especially in young adults. ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study therefore was aimed at elucidating the potential association of anthropometric and body composition parameters with objective and subjective sleep duration and quality in young sedentary adults, considering the potential mediating role of objectively-measured sedentariness, physical activity, and diet. MethodsA total of 187 adults aged 18-25 (35.29% men) were included in the study. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio were calculated through weight, height, waist and hip circumferences measures.Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner was used to assess body composition parameters such as lean mass index, fat mass index and visceral adipose tissue mass. Sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep duration and quality were objectively measured using accelerometry, sleep quality also being subjectively measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Dietary intake was assessed by means of 24h recall questionnaires. ResultsBMI, waist-hip ratio and lean mass index were inversely associated to objectively-measured total sleep time and sleep efficiency (p < 0.05). Sedentary time moderated by sex explained the effects of BMI on total sleep time such that a high BMI was related to higher sedentariness in men which, in turn, was significantly associated with shorter sleep duration. DiscussionSedentary time is a link-risk factor mediating the adverse consequences of high BMI on short sleep duration in healthy young men. However, not until the complex association between body 3 composition and sleep in young population is properly understood will it be possible to establish appropriate therapeutic goals addressing the early morbidity and mortality that obesity and short sleep duration certainly determine.

show abstract

“…In other words, obesity problems are associated to sleep disorders and eating disorders. In the medical literature several papers investigate and find the link between obesity and sleep disorders (Danisi et al, 2019;Muscogiuri et al, 2019;Otsuka et al, 2019).…”

Section: Empirical Evidence: the Nexus Between Weight Status And Mentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight Status and Mental Health in Italy: Evidence From EHIS2 Microdata

Barone

Barra

2019

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper tested the association between weight status (proxied by BMI) and mental health in Italy, using EHIS2 microdata, which provide the usual information (demographic, socioeconomic , etc.), and also information on weight/height, and eight mental health variables (low interest, depression, sleep disorders, tiredness, eating disorders, sense of failure, low concentration, slow moving/speaking). The empirical results show that there is a strong positive association between weight status and all mental health variables (except of slow moving/slow speaking) with an interesting gender difference in the association between weight status and sleep disorders and eating disorders in that females suffer more than males. Moreover, the empirical results reveal that between weight status there is: a negative association with a high level of education, a high source of income and a high type of dwelling; a positive association with the marital status, a poor social network to count on in case of difficulty and a high degree of urbanization. Finally, the empirical findings sustain that a) there is a positive association between weight status and health variables (chronic anxiety and chronic diseases) and b) the association between weight status and the living area is negative when Northern italian regions are taken into account. The positive association between weight status and new emerging types of mental health problems such as sleep disturbances and eating disturbances suggests some considerations on the higher economic costs, at individual and social level, because of these new mental health problems associated to weight status. Moreover, the negative association between weight status and a high level of education suggests that educational policies could help individuals to raise barriers against obesity and sleep/eating disturbances associated to it.

show abstract

Obesity and sleep disturbance: the chicken or the egg?

Cited by 157 publications

References 76 publications

Mechanisms of Association of Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome

Mechanisms of Association of Sleep and Metabolic Syndrome

Body composition impact on sleep in young adults: The mediating role of sedentariness, physical activity, and diet

Weight Status and Mental Health in Italy: Evidence From EHIS2 Microdata

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About