Obesity and metabolic syndrome in children in Brazil

Abstract

The purpose of this observational study was to examine the prevalence of obesity in children of 6 to 8 years of age from primary public schools over a period of 6 years and the associated environmental and metabolic health risk factors. This was a cohort observational study to investigate the prevalence of obesity in children from 14 state primary schools in Vinhedo, Sao Paulo state. Environmental and metabolic health risk factors for obesity were investigated in a cross-sectional survey. This present study revealed 74.0% of children with obesity consumed fried foods and sweets at school, and 84.0% consumed snacks and soft drinks at home. This cohort reported to have engaged in physical activity for less than 3 hours per week at school (93.0%) and at home (85.0%). There was a high prevalence of increased waist circumference and insulin resistance among children with obesity (84.9% and 84.5%, respectively). The body mass index had a significant Spearman correlation with waist circumference, insulin resistance, and triglycerides. Childhood obesity was associated with a high prevalence of both environmental and metabolic risk factors. Also, the authors conclude that the lack of parents’ awareness of childhood obesity and its risk factors represents a substantial barrier to lifestyle counseling.

Gestational diabetes mellitus, pre-pregnancy body mass index, and gestational weight gain as risk factors for increased fat mass in Brazilian newborns

“…Infants with increased BMI and FM are at greater risk of developing overweight and obesity in childhood and adult life [45–48], which in turn heightens risk of metabolic disorder [49, 50]. This contributes to epidemics of obesity and insulin resistance, as mothers with such conditions, including GDM [5], are more likely to give birth to infants with greater FM [16, 51, 52].…”

Resistance training mitigates hepato-cardiac changes and muscle mitochondrial protein reductions in rats with diet-induced obesity

“…Obesity is a complex disease and involves multiple causal factors, such as sex, age, physical inactivity, socioeconomic status and diet [1]. Despite being typical in developed countries [2], a growing incidence of obesity is also observed in developing countries [3,4,5], indicating the ubiquitous distribution of this condition worldwide.…”

Kilolu Çocuklarda Metabolik Sendrom Sıklığı ve Özelliklerinin Araştırılması

“…Türk çocuklarında yapılan bir çalışmada obez çocukların %10.8'inde glukoz intoleransı olduğu görülmüş, %74.7'sinde de hiperinsülinizm saptanmıştır (29). Kuveyt'te obez ergenlerde yapılan bir çalışmada insülin direnci % 56.7 (16), 6-8 yaş arası Brezilyalı obez çocuklarda % 84.5 (30), ve İspanyol 4-18 yaş arası çocuklarda %35.8 bulunmuştur (31). Bir çalışmada glukoz intolerans sıklığı obez çocuklarda ve adolesanlarda sırasıyla % 25 ve % 21 olarak (32) bildirilmiştir.…”

“…Brezilya'da 6-8 yaş arası obez çocukların % 84.9'unda bel çevresi artışı saptandığı bildirilmiştir (30). Başka bir çalışmada da obez çocuklarda abdominal obezite % 88.6 oranında saptanmıştır (37) ve kan glikoz düzeyleri arasında ilişki olduğu bildirilmiştir (42).…”

“…Pediatrik yaş grubunda yapılan başka bir çalışmada da obezite ile total kolesterol, trigliserit, VLDL-C, LDL-C (pozitif korelasyon) ve HDL-C düzeyleri (negatif korelasyon) korele olduğu savunulmuştur (46). Brezilyalı çocuklarda yapılan başka bir çalışmada da vücut kitle indeksi ve bel çevresinin, insülin direnci ve TG düzeyleriyle anlamlı bir korelasyona sahip olduğu bildirilmiştir (30). Çalışmamızda MS saptanan olgularda trigliserit, VLDL-C ve açlık glukoz düzeyleri istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek ve HDL-C düzeyi istatistiksel olarak daha düşük saptandı.…”