Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges

Papavasileiou, Georgios; Tsilingiris, Dimitrios; Spyrou, Nikolaos; Karampela, Ιrene; Magkos, Faidon; Dalamaga, Μaria

doi:10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.03.002

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 241 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This condition could add value in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of UUI. Indeed, therapy for UUI which consists of behavioral therapy (special diet avoiding irritants and other), perineal physio-kinesitherapy and pharmacological therapy (using antimuscarinics that act by blocking the involuntary contractility of the detrusor), and the adjuvant role of probiotics/prebiotics would be important [48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Urgency Urinary Incontinence (Uui)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This article is intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding the functions of the resident microbiota/microbiome in the urinary system for human health and disease. First, we sought to report the general characteristics (composition and stability) of the normal urinary system microbiota in the different anatomical sites in relation to some factors such as the effect of age, gender and diet, analyzing in detail the functions and the composition of the microbiota in the light of current knowledge. Several pieces of evidence suggest the importance of preserving the micro-ecosystem of the urinary system, and in some cases their relationship with diseases is important for maintaining human health is well understood. The female and male reproductive microbiota have mainly been studied over the past decade. In the past, the arrest was thought to have taken place in a sterile environment. Microorganisms of the microbiota form biofilms, three-dimensional structures, that differ in the reproductive organs and interact with both gametes and the embryo as well as with maternal tissues. These biofilms from the reproductive system also interact with others, such as that of the gastrointestinal tract. Reduction in its diversity intestinal microbiota can disrupt estrogen metabolism and affect the reproductive microbiota. It is therefore understood that its quantitative and qualitative identification is important for microbiota, but also the study of the structures formed by the microorganisms. A dysbiosis with local or systemic causes can lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining microbial population harmony (eubiosis) and preventing certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system was also investigated. A negative variation in the qualitative and quantitative composition of certain strains of microorganisms (dysbiosis) due to local or systemic causes can even lead to serious diseases. The role of probiotics in maintaining the healthy balance of microorganism populations (eubiosis), and thus in the prevention of certain pathologies of the urinary and reproductive system, has also been studied.

show abstract

Section: Urgency Urinary Incontinence (Uui)mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Colella

Topi

Palmirotta

et al. 2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Increased adipose tissue affects sex hormone physiology in both genders [ 167 ]. With excess body weight, the levels of testosterone diminish in men with obesity, whereas obese women, especially those with an abdominal phenotype, may present a state known as functional hyperandrogenism [ 168 , 169 ]. Epidemiological studies have found that the incidence of hematological malignancies varies depending on the sex.…”

Section: Biological Mechanisms Associating Obesity With Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges

Tsilingiris,

Vallianou,

Spyrou

et al. 2023

Curr Obes Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose of Review To examine the epidemiological data on obesity and leukemia; evaluate the effect of obesity on leukemia outcomes in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors; assess the potential mechanisms through which obesity may increase the risk of leukemia; and provide the effects of obesity management on leukemia. Preventive (diet, physical exercise, obesity pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery) measures, repurposing drugs, candidate therapeutic agents targeting oncogenic pathways of obesity and insulin resistance in leukemia as well as challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed. Recent Findings Obesity has been implicated in the development of 13 cancers, such as breast, endometrial, colon, renal, esophageal cancers, and multiple myeloma. Leukemia is estimated to account for approximately 2.5% and 3.1% of all new cancer incidence and mortality, respectively, while it represents the most frequent cancer in children younger than 5 years. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the risk of leukemia. Increased birthweight may be associated with the development of childhood leukemia. Obesity is also associated with worse outcomes and increased mortality in leukemic patients. However, there are several limitations and challenges in meta-analyses and epidemiological studies. In addition, weight gain may occur in a substantial number of childhood ALL survivors while the majority of studies have documented an increased risk of relapse and mortality among patients with childhood ALL and obesity. The main pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to leukemia include bone marrow adipose tissue; hormones such as insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones; pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α; adipocytokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; dyslipidemia and lipid signaling; chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress; and other emerging mechanisms. Summary Obesity represents a risk factor for leukemia, being among the only known risk factors that could be prevented or modified through weight loss, healthy diet, and physical exercise. Pharmacological interventions, repurposing drugs used for cardiometabolic comorbidities, and bariatric surgery may be recommended for leukemia and obesity-related cancer prevention.

show abstract

“…More striking than the elevated obesity rates in adults is the higher prevalence of excess body weight among children and adolescents, which has doubled or tripled in children of school age in many developed regions of the world [ 3 , 4 ]. Moreover, obesity is associated with a plethora of comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM), coronary heart disease, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, sleep apnea, osteoarthritis and some types of cancer [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies

Dalamaga,

Kounatidis,

Tsilingiris

et al. 2024

IJMS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Excess body weight constitutes one of the major health challenges for societies and healthcare systems worldwide. Besides the type of diet, calorie intake and the lack of physical exercise, recent data have highlighted a possible association between endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A, phthalates and their analogs, and obesity. EDCs represent a heterogeneous group of chemicals that may influence the hormonal regulation of body mass and adipose tissue morphology. Based on the available data from mechanistic, animal and epidemiological studies including meta-analyses, the weight of evidence points towards the contribution of EDCs to the development of obesity, associated disorders and obesity-related adipose tissue dysfunction by (1) impacting adipogenesis; (2) modulating epigenetic pathways during development, enhancing susceptibility to obesity; (3) influencing neuroendocrine signals responsible for appetite and satiety; (4) promoting a proinflammatory milieu in adipose tissue and inducing a state of chronic subclinical inflammation; (5) dysregulating gut microbiome and immune homeostasis; and (6) inducing dysfunction in thermogenic adipose tissue. Critical periods of exposure to obesogenic EDCs are the prenatal, neonatal, pubertal and reproductive periods. Interestingly, EDCs even at low doses may promote epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of adult obesity in subsequent generations. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on the role of obesogenic EDCs, specifically BPA and phthalate plasticizers, in the development of obesity, taking into account in vitro, animal and epidemiologic studies; discuss mechanisms linking EDCs to obesity; analyze the effects of EDCs on obesity in critical chronic periods of exposure; and present interesting perspectives, challenges and preventive measures in this research area.

show abstract

Obesity and main urologic cancers: Current systematic evidence, novel biological mechanisms, perspectives and challenges

Cited by 14 publications

References 241 publications

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

An Overview of the Microbiota of the Human Urinary Tract in Health and Disease: Current Issues and Perspectives

Obesity and Leukemia: Biological Mechanisms, Perspectives, and Challenges

The Role of Endocrine Disruptors Bisphenols and Phthalates in Obesity: Current Evidence, Perspectives and Controversies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About