Obesity and cancer: the role of adipose tissue and adipo-cytokines-induced chronic inflammation

Divella, Rosa; Luca, Raffaele De; Abbate, I.; Naglieri, Emanuele; Daniele, Antonella

doi:10.7150/jca.16884

Cited by 243 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Dysfunctional adipocyte can secrete pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which leads to inflammatory and fibrotic changes of adipose tissue . This alteration of adipose tissue is known to promote cancer cell growth and progression .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

et al. 2019

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Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the characteristics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to the disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods We enrolled 152 HNSCC patients who underwent staging 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/CT (PET/CT). Maximum FDG uptake (standardized uptake value [SUV]) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor and volume, CT‐attenuation (Hounsfield units [HU]), and FDG uptake of SAT and VAT were measured. Survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard modeling was performed to assess the relationship between the adipose tissue parameters of PET/CT and survival. Results Patients with low VAT volume and high VAT HU had significantly worse progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival than those with high VAT volume and low VAT HU. On multivariate analysis, the volume and HU of VAT were significantly correlated with disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, TNM stage, serum C‐reactive protein, maximum SUV, and TLG. Conclusion The volume and CT‐attenuation of VAT were significantly correlated with disease progression‐free survival and distant failure‐free survival in patients with HNSCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

et al. 2019

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“…Interest in the SII has grown recently because it has been found to be predictive of the prognoses of patients with diverse oncological conditions [16,[23][24][25]. There is a strong linkage between obesity, cancer, inflammation, and clinical outcomes [26]. Evidence shows that obesity is related to low-grade chronic inflammation, and the circulating level of CRP rises with body mass index (BMI) [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between CRP, systemic immune-inflammation index and routine hemogram related inflammatory markers in low grade inflammation

Üstündağ¹

2018

Int J Med Biochem

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Research ArticleR ecent advances in technology led to the quantitation of new parameters with automated hematology analyzers. Some of these parameters have been accepted as additional markers in diagnosing various clinical conditions [1][2][3][4][5]. They are cost effective and easier to perform in a routine setting than tests for some other markers. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a commonly used inflammation marker in both acute and chronic inflammation. Most healthy individuals have a CRP concentration of 3 mg/L or less; a CRP level higher than 10 mg/L indicates a clinically significant inflammatory disease [6]. Low-grade inflammation typically refers to conditions in which Objectives: The term low-grade inflammation is usually used to indicate chronic conditions in which the findings of classic, clinical inflammation are lacking, but there is an elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) level of 3 to 10 mg/L. Recently, the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was developed based on lymphocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts, which can project the inflammatory and immune imbalances. The aim of this study was to examine the SII and new parameters derived from hemograms to determine if they have the potential to detect patients with subclinical lowgrade inflammation in an unselected, elderly, outpatient population. Methods: The CRP level was analyzed with a BN II System nepholometer (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany). Participants were stratified according to CRP level: Group 1 had a serum CRP result <3.0 mg/L and Group 2 had a serum CRP result 3.0-9.0 mg/L. Blood samples that had been analyzed with an automated hematology analyzer (Mindray BC-5800; Mindray Biomedical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) were selected for evaluation of the results. The SII (neutrophil x platelet / lymphocyte), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated. PLR (r=0.773; p<0.001), and the platelet count (r=0.653; p<0.001) was found. However, there was no correlation between the CRP, SII (r=-0.312; p=0.210), and PLR (r=-0.165; p=0.117). Conclusion: A high PLR and SII appears to be associated with subclinical low-grade inflammation. These data do not support hematological screening parameters as a substitute for CRP. These findings are limited to the cohort studied here, and may not be entirely applicable to other ethnic origins. Keywords: C-reactive protein, lymphocyte, neutrophil, platelet Relationship between C-reactive protein, systemic immuneinflammation index, and routine hemogram-related inflammatory markers in low-grade inflammation

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“…Intriguingly, Fletcher et al noted that adipocytes associated with the invasive front are reduced in size compared to adipocytes that are farther away [26]. Many investigators have recorded considerable morphological and functional changes of adipocytes which are adjacent to tumors and referred to as cancer-associated adipocytes [27,28]. …”

Section: Obesity-related Microenvironment and Its Influence On Tummentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis

Ray

Cleary

2017

Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews

100

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The adipocyte-released hormone-like cytokine/adipokine leptin behaves differently in obesity compared to its functions in the normal healthy state. In obese individuals, elevated leptin levels act as a pro-inflammatory adipokine and are associated with certain types of cancers. Further, a growing body of evidence suggests that higher circulating leptin concentrations and/or elevated expression of leptin receptors (Ob-R) in tumors may be poor prognostic factors. Although the underlying pathological mechanisms of leptin’s association with poor prognosis are not clear, leptin can impact the tumor microenvironment in several ways. For example, leptin is associated with a number of biological components that could lead to tumor cell invasion and distant metastasis. This includes interactions with carcinoma-associated fibroblasts, tumor promoting effects of infiltrating macrophages, activation of matrix metalloproteinases, transforming growth factor-β signaling, etc. Recent studies also have shown that leptin plays a role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, an important phenomenon for cancer cell migration and/or metastasis. Furthermore, leptin’s potentiating effects on insulin-like growth factor-I, epidermal growth factor receptor and HER2/neu have been reported. Regarding unfavorable prognosis, leptin has been shown to influence both adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Features of poor prognosis such as tumor invasion, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis have been recorded in several cancer types with higher levels of leptin and/or Ob-R. This review will describe the current scenario in a precise manner. In general, obesity indicates poor prognosis in cancer patients.

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Obesity and cancer: the role of adipose tissue and adipo-cytokines-induced chronic inflammation

Cited by 243 publications

References 199 publications

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

Visceral adipose tissue volume and CT‐attenuation as prognostic factors in patients with head and neck cancer

Relationship between CRP, systemic immune-inflammation index and routine hemogram related inflammatory markers in low grade inflammation

The potential role of leptin in tumor invasion and metastasis

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