Obesity, Abdominal Obesity, Physical Activity, and Caloric Intake in US Adults: 1988 to 2010

Abstract

Background Obesity and abdominal obesity are independently associated with morbidity and mortality. Physical activity attenuates these risks. We examined trends in obesity, abdominal obesity, physical activity, and caloric intake in U.S. adults from 1988 to 2010. Methods Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Results Average body-mass index (BMI) increased by 0.37% (95% CI, 0.30-0.44%) per year in both women and men. Average waist circumference increased by 0.37% (95% CI, 0.30-0.43%) and 0.27% (95% CI, 0.22-0.32%) per year in women and men, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity increased substantially, as did the prevalence of abdominal obesity among overweight adults. Younger women experienced the greatest increases. The proportion of adults who reported no leisure-time physical activity increased from 19.1% (95% CI, 17.3-21.0%) to 51.7% (95% CI, 48.9-54.5%) in women, and from 11.4% (95% CI, 10.0-12.8%) to 43.5% (95% CI, 40.7-46.3%) in men. Average daily caloric intake did not change significantly. BMI and waist circumference trends were associated with physical activity level, but not caloric intake. The associated changes in adjusted BMIs were 8.3% (95% CI, 6.9-9.6%) higher among women and 1.7% (95% CI, 0.68-2.8%) higher among men with no leisure-time physical activity compared to those with an ideal level of leisure-time physical activity. Conclusions Our analyses highlight important dimensions of the public health problem of obesity, including trends in younger women and in abdominal obesity, and lend support to the emphasis placed on physical activity by the Institute of Medicine.

Prevalence of Prediabetes and Abdominal Obesity Among Healthy-Weight Adults: 18-Year Trend

“…[26][27][28] The increase in sedentary lifestyle could in part be responsible, as there has been a documented increase in sedentary lifestyle. 11,12 Sedentary lifestyle has been shown to negatively affect insulin sensitivity 29 and increase the relative risk of diabetes. 30 Sedentary lifestyle is also associated with increases in abdominal obesity.…”

“…10 Historical trends in the United States have indicated a substantial rise in sedentary lifestyle among adults in recent years. 11 Comparing findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1988-1994with NHANES 2009, the proportion of adults who reported no leisure-time physical activity increased from 19.1% to 51.7%. Although these leisure-time activity findings have been criticized as a result of methodological changes in the NHANES, findings from other national surveys have shown decreasing trends in leisure-time physi-cal activity from the 1990s into the 2000s.…”

“…12,13 As trends in sedentary lifestyle increased, so did trends in the prevalence of obesity. 11 In addition to the rise in obesity, this population-level increase in sedentary lifestyle may have influenced adult body composition and metabolic health among individuals at presumably healthy weights.…”

Estado Nutricional y Desempeño Físico de una muestra de Escolares de 14 y 15 años de la ciudad de Chillán, Chile

“…Lo mismo sucede con los porcentajes correspondientes a los hombres, quienes presentan un 16,7% sobrepeso y 12,5% de obesidad respecto al citado estudio con 19,6% y 14,5%. En la obesidad infantil esto tiene especial trascendencia, ya que la obesidad y la obesidad abdominal se asocian de forma independiente con morbilidad y mortalidad 2 . Algunos estudios realizados en Chile han mostrado que los escolares obesos presentan un incremento significativo en las medidas antropométricas, necesitan mayor tiempo para recorrer 400m, poseen niveles aumentados de glucosa basal y un aumento del riesgo de cardiometabólico 12,20,23 .…”

Quality Attributes of Fat-free Sausage Made of Chicken Breast and Liquid Egg White

“…Obesity is a problem in modern society associated with chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and musculoskeletal disorders (Kim et al 2011;Ladabaum et al 2014) and lowering fat intake has been recommended to reduce obesity prevalence (Bray & Popkin 1998;Cho et al 1997).…”