“…Where concerns about employee anomie and the negative influence that organisational structures can have on personal development were once at the fore in organisational studies (Mayo, 1949;Argyris, 1957;Blauner, 1964;Maslow, 1965), the focus on improving firm performance which was characteristic of the neo-human relations movement is often manipulative and coercive in nature, its associated discipline of leadership studies often simply totalitarian (i.e. one of 'total claim') (Bracher, 1984, p.47;Hawkins, 1997;Pinha e Cuna et al, 2010;Godard, 2014). Very little acknowledgement of the notions of democratisation which underpinned older understandings of industrial democracy is represented in this literature.…”