Abstract:The bleaching of fibers using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) can be used to promote modifications aimed at enhancing their interactions with polymers in composites. Reactive extrusion with AHP (7 and 20 wt%, hulls basis), pH 11.5, was used to modify oat hull fibers. The fibers were further compounded with a thermoplastic starch/poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) blend to form sheets. The bleaching influenced the color of the fibers and subsequently the color of the composites. The rougher surfaces obser… Show more
“…4 In this regard, the effect of chemical treatment on several natural fibers such as wheat straw, Munguba, oat hull, and Kenaf and their performance on the PBAT matrix has been previously reported. [5][6][7][8] The authors report increased fiber-matrix interaction by removing the lignin, hemicellulose, and hydroxyl groups from the fibers, which improves the stiffness, modulus of elasticity, and tensile and flexural strength of the PBAT matrix. Although chemical treatments have been successful in this type of fiber, environmental regulations motivate the exploration of other agro-industrial wastes and their green modification to develop biodegradable and environmentally friendly composites.…”
A strategy for a circular economy is to reuse and modify agricultural wastes through green methodologies, which can be employed as high‐value raw materials to produce sustainable materials. Thus, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites containing plasma (P) and ultrasound/plasma (UP) modified Agave fibers (AF) were prepared by the melt mixing process. The effect of content (10% and 20%) and type of fiber on the processing, structural, mechanical, and water barrier performance of PBAT composites was assessed. FTIR analysis exhibited the presence of O‐Si‐O groups in all composites containing modified AF, indicating the presence of nanometric hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) coating on the fiber surface. The addition of modified AF into PBAT polymer promoted higher torque levels and specific energy during the composites processing, indicating higher matrix‐fiber interactions that hindered the free flow of the polymeric chains. Nevertheless, SEM, DSC, and crystallinity results revealed that PBAT‐AFUP composites exhibited more homogeneous surfaces and ordered structures that promoted higher entanglement between modified fibers and the PBAT matrix and restricted the binding sites for water interaction as changes in tensile modulus (from 90 to 163 MPa) and water contact angle (from 63 to 77°) indicated. These findings show that modified Agave fibers are a sustainable raw material that can be easily processed to produce soft and hydrophobic PBAT‐based composites.Highlights
The fiber type determined the functional performance of the PBAT composites
The modified fibers increased the entanglement of composite chains
UP‐modified fibers improved the water barrier performance of the PBAT matrix
“…4 In this regard, the effect of chemical treatment on several natural fibers such as wheat straw, Munguba, oat hull, and Kenaf and their performance on the PBAT matrix has been previously reported. [5][6][7][8] The authors report increased fiber-matrix interaction by removing the lignin, hemicellulose, and hydroxyl groups from the fibers, which improves the stiffness, modulus of elasticity, and tensile and flexural strength of the PBAT matrix. Although chemical treatments have been successful in this type of fiber, environmental regulations motivate the exploration of other agro-industrial wastes and their green modification to develop biodegradable and environmentally friendly composites.…”
A strategy for a circular economy is to reuse and modify agricultural wastes through green methodologies, which can be employed as high‐value raw materials to produce sustainable materials. Thus, polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites containing plasma (P) and ultrasound/plasma (UP) modified Agave fibers (AF) were prepared by the melt mixing process. The effect of content (10% and 20%) and type of fiber on the processing, structural, mechanical, and water barrier performance of PBAT composites was assessed. FTIR analysis exhibited the presence of O‐Si‐O groups in all composites containing modified AF, indicating the presence of nanometric hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO) coating on the fiber surface. The addition of modified AF into PBAT polymer promoted higher torque levels and specific energy during the composites processing, indicating higher matrix‐fiber interactions that hindered the free flow of the polymeric chains. Nevertheless, SEM, DSC, and crystallinity results revealed that PBAT‐AFUP composites exhibited more homogeneous surfaces and ordered structures that promoted higher entanglement between modified fibers and the PBAT matrix and restricted the binding sites for water interaction as changes in tensile modulus (from 90 to 163 MPa) and water contact angle (from 63 to 77°) indicated. These findings show that modified Agave fibers are a sustainable raw material that can be easily processed to produce soft and hydrophobic PBAT‐based composites.Highlights
The fiber type determined the functional performance of the PBAT composites
The modified fibers increased the entanglement of composite chains
UP‐modified fibers improved the water barrier performance of the PBAT matrix
“…The above disadvantages severely hinder the application of PBAT as an agricultural film [ 12 ]. Studies have shown that UV light causes the main damage to plastic films [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. To minimize the negative effects of UV light, the use of UV absorbers as additives has been put forward to prolong the durability of plastic products and has obtained significant results [ 17 , 18 ].…”
Poly-(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) has become one of the most prevalent biodegradable plastic film materials owing to its good degradability, mechanical properties, and processability. However, the degradation time of this material was too fast and the functional period was short, which limited its application. Herein, three new tropolone-based UV absorbers (UVA-1C, UVA-4C, and UVA-6C) were rationally designed and blended into PBAT. The PBAT/UVA films that formed were used against UV aging and prolonged the functional period of PBAT film. The three new absorbers were synthesized by bridging two tropolones using three different organic chains with different flexibility. Among them, the UVA-6C showed the strongest UV absorbance at around 238 nm and 320 nm. Consequently, the PBAT/UVA-6C film showed an extended validity period of 240 h in the Xenon lamp aging machine and a prolonged functional period of 8 d during the field application test when compared to pure PBAT. More importantly, a 7.8% increase in the maize yield was obtained under PBAT/UVA-6C film relative to pure PBAT film. Obviously, the novel prepared UVA-6C compound is a good candidate for UV absorption in PBAT, which makes PBAT/UVA-6C film more advantageous over pure PBAT in practical applications as biodegradable agricultural film.
“…Since starch is a biopolymer, its association with PBAT can even enhance environmental benefits. In fact, PBAT/starch blend has been used for the development of films with biodegradability and compostability properties, as an alternative to conventional non-biodegradable bags made of LDPE (Garcia et al, 2014(Garcia et al, , 2018Cardoso et al, 2018;Olivato et al, 2013Olivato et al, , 2014Brandelero et al, 2013;Nobrega et al, 2013).…”
The objectives of this work were to determine the biodegradability of starch/glycerol foam and of poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/starch film using respirometric methods and also to compare these results with conventional polymers – expanded polystyrene and low-density polyethylene. A matured organic compost was utilized as inoculum and sucrose was used as positive reference material. Biodegradation efficiencies (BE) after 47 days were: 35% for sucrose; 34% for starch/glycerol; and 38% for PBAT/starch. Starch/glycerol and PBAT/starch presented BE statistically equal to sucrose, whilst both the conventional packaging used were not degraded (p> 0.05). Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analyses showed that the microbiota rather degraded the starch over the PBAT in the PBAT/starch blend, and also that some starch remained intact in the internal polymeric matrix. This study verified that starch/glycerol foam and PBAT/starch film are highly biodegradable materials and may then be used to enhance the biodegradability of some products such as disposable trays and supermarket bags.
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