OAM Mode Selection and Space–Time Coding for Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation in FSO Communication

Amhoud, El Mehdi; Trichili, Abderrahmen; Ooi, Boon S.; Alouini, Mohamed‐Slim

doi:10.1109/access.2019.2925680

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…IV-B. Subsequently there have been several experimental demonstrations using multiple mode bases and/or indices to increase the resilience to turbulence [133][134][135].…”

Section: A Multiplexing Versus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Space-time block codes (for example Alamouti and Golden codes) have also been shown to be effective, but simple repetition codes (i.e. time diversity) may be more effective [226][227][228]. Repetition codes are a possible solution to dealing with channel memory, although they introduce latency which would be significant in a multi-hop FSO system, for instance.…”

Section: Impact On Optical Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox

Mphuthi

Nape

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

107

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Optical communication is an integral part of the modern economy, having all but replaced electronic communication systems. Future growth in bandwidth appears to be on the horizon using structured light, encoding information into the spatial modes of light, and transmitting them down fibre and free-space, the latter crucial for addressing last mile and digitally disconnected communities. Unfortunately, patterns of light are easily distorted, and in the case of free-space optical communication, turbulence is a significant barrier. Here we review recent progress in structured light in turbulence, first with a tutorial style summary of the core concepts, before highlighting the present state-of-the-art in the field. We support our review with new experimental studies that reveal which types of structured light are best in turbulence, the behaviour of vector versus scalar light in turbulence, the trade-off of diversity and multiplexing, and how turbulence models can be exploited for enhanced optical signal processing protocols. This comprehensive treatise will be invaluable to the large communities interested in free-space optical communication with spatial modes of light.

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“…IV-B. Subsequently there have been several experimental demonstrations using multiple mode bases and/or indices to increase the resilience to turbulence [133][134][135].…”

Section: A Multiplexing Versus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact On Optical Signal Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structured Light in Turbulence

Cox

Mphuthi

Nape

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron.

107

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…investigated the impact of space time coding on the performance of OAM MIMO multiplexing scheme in a turbulent free space link and reported that vertical Bell Laboratories layered space-time (V-Blast) and space-time block codes (STBC) can significantly help undo the effect of atmospheric distortions and noise. Amhoud et al suggested the use of the Golden and the Silver space time codes to mitigate the effect of atmospheric turbulence [288].…”

Section: B Atmospheric Turbulence Effects Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Trichili

Park

Zghal

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

Self Cite

184

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Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication systems has been recently suggested as a versatile technique to address future bandwidth issues. We review the potentials of harnessing the space as an additional degree of freedom for communication applications including free space optics, optical fiber installation, underwater wireless optical links, on-chip interconnects, data center indoor connections, radio frequency and acoustic communications. We focus on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and equally identify the challenges related to each of the applications of spatial modes and the particular OAM modes in communication. We further discuss the perspectives of this emerging technology. Finally, we provide the open research directions and we discuss the practical deployment of OAM communication links for different applications. ). 4 in the future. We also summarize the open problems and the future research directions. A discussion of the practicability and cost of multi-OAM communication is also included. II. OAM POTENTIALS A. Free Space Optical CommunicationFSO is a license free wireless communication configuration that has recently received much interest for a variety of applications. FSO is an attractive solution for last mile connectivity problems, particularly for communication networks, when the installation of fiber optics is costly or not possible [66]. FSO can be also used to establish inter-building secure communication, and can be deployed as a backup to optical fibers. Wireless optical communication can guarantee a line-of-sight (LoS) high bit rate wireless transmission over long distances, up to several kilometers. Furthermore, FSO communication is considered as a promising technique to scale down bandwidth challenges in future 5G networks [67].Multiple wavelength FSO provides better transmission, as demonstrated in [68], [69]. Data can be mapped on advanced modulation formats to achieve high bit rates and high spectral efficiency levels [70]- [72]. Another option is multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) FSO communication in which multiple lasers are positioned to transmit Gaussian beams to multiple receiving apertures [73]. Over the last few years, it has been proven that it is possible to transmit information over spatially structured light beams [21], [74], [75] including OAM beams and plane waves. Our focus is on the OAM modes of light.The first PoC communication experiment incorporating OAMs in free space was carried out in 2004 by Gibson and co-workers [21]. Over a 15-meter long link, 8 -spaced values were chosen along the Gaussian beam as an alphabet for the communication. OAM beams were generated and detected using two light modulators. Since then, much progress has been made and free space transmission capacity of over 1 Tbit/s is, today, possible [76]- [78]. By performing three dimensional multiplexing, Huang and co-workers were able to attain a 100 Tbi...

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“…Moreover OAM mode selection can also be used to achieve better rates and lower BER [14], [27]. In the absence of channel state information, space-time coding can also be used as an alternative solution to increase the performance [14]. Spatial diversity can be used at both the transmitter and the receiver in the form of a MIMO system [46].…”

Section: Mimo Oam Links With Spatial Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unified Statistical Model for Atmospheric Turbulence-Induced Fading in Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexed FSO Systems

Amhoud

Ooi

Alouini

2020

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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This paper proposes a unified statistical channel model to characterize the atmospheric turbulence induced distortions faced by orbital angular momentum (OAM) in free space optical (FSO) communication systems. In this channel model, the self-channel irradiance of OAM modes as well as crosstalk irradiances between different OAM modes are characterized by a Generalized Gamma distribution (GGD). The latter distribution is shown to provide an excellent match with simulated data for all regimes of atmospheric turbulence. Therefore, it can be used to overcome the computationally complex numerical simulations to model the propagation of OAM modes through atmospheric turbulent FSO channels. The GGD allows obtaining very simple tractable closed-form expressions for a variety of performance metrics. Indeed, the average capacity, the bit-error rate, and the outage probability are

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OAM Mode Selection and Space–Time Coding for Atmospheric Turbulence Mitigation in FSO Communication

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Structured Light in Turbulence

Structured Light in Turbulence

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

A Unified Statistical Model for Atmospheric Turbulence-Induced Fading in Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexed FSO Systems

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