“…Therefore, creating a test bed with the Cyber Grid Guard (CGG) system using distributed ledger technology (DLT) is crucial for multipurpose blockchain applications. In the present study, the test bed with the CGG system was established at the US Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory [14,15] and enhanced with two wind farm models. This advanced electrical substation grid test bed was assessed for electrical fault detection, power quality monitoring, DER use cases, and cyber event tests, implementing the CGG system and DLT.…”