Oak decline: I. Fungi associated with various disease symptoms on overground portions of middle‐aged and old oak (Quercus robur L.)

Kowalski, T.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1991.tb01418.x

Cited by 56 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Phialocephala dimorphospora s.l. causes soft rot and significant weight loss in deciduous wood (Nilsson 1973, Morrell and Zabel 1985, Wang and Zabel 1990, Held 2013 and is implicated in wood staining (Kowalski 1991). Menkis et al (2004) hypothesized that Ph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and asexual states of some endophyticPhialocephalaspecies ofPicea

2016

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Unidentified DNA sequences in isolationbased or culture-free studies of conifer endophytes are a persistent problem that requires a field approach to resolve. An investigation of foliar endophytes of Picea glauca, P. mariana, P. rubens and Pinus strobus in eastern Canada, using a combined field, morphological, cultural and DNA sequencing approach, resulted in the frequent isolation of Phialocephala spp. and the first verified discovery of their mollisia-like sexual states in the field. Phialocephala scopiformis and Ph. piceae were the most frequent species isolated as endophytes from healthy conifer needles. Corresponding Mollisia or mollisioid sexual states for Ph. scopiformis, Ph. piceae and several undescribed species in a clade containing Ph. dimorphospora were collected in the sampling area and characterized by analysis of the nuc internal transcribed spacer rDNA (ITS) and gene for the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) loci. Four novel species and one new combination in a clade containing Ph. dimorphospora, the type of Phialocephala, are presented, accompanied by descriptions of apothecia and previously undocumented synanamorphs. An epitype culture and corresponding reference sequences for Phialocephala dimorphospora are proposed. The resulting ITS barcodes linked with robust taxonomic species concepts are an important resource for future research on forest ecosystems and endophytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and asexual states of some endophyticPhialocephalaspecies ofPicea

2016

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“…Il ruolo dell'endofita è per sua natura non patogeno e la relazione che stabilisce con la pianta è neutrale o mutualistica. Tuttavia, fin dall'inizio degli anni 1980, molti ricercatori, di fronte ad eziologie complesse come l'Oak decline, comparsa in quel periodo in Europa, USA e Giappone, cominciarono a considerare la possibilità che un endofita fungino, in qualche particolare momento del proprio ciclo vitale ed in presenza di particolari condizioni ambientali, potesse cessare di comportarsi da neutrale o mutualista e diventare la causa dei danni e sintomi osservati sulle piante (Kowalski 1991, Luisi et al 1991, Donabauer 1998, Anselmi et al 2000, Franceschini et al 2002. Anche, secondo Ragazzi (2004), tra i numerosi endofiti che colonizzano i vegetali, alcuni possono esprimersi come patogeni nel momento in cui la pianta si trova in condizioni di stress fisiologico di vario tipo e contribuiscono alla morte della stessa.…”

Section: Introduzioneunclassified

Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy

Lorenzi¹,

Lorando²,

Picco³

2006

Forest@

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Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles of Picea abies (L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy.The foliar fungal endophytes community inhabiting needles of Picea abies (Norway spruce) has not been well documented. In this study, carried out in Northern Italy, needles were collected in the years 2003 -2004 in Bagni di Masino and Passo S. Marco (natural locations) and in Milano and Pavia (urban areas). Needles were plated and scored for hyphal outgrowth of endophytes to observe composition and distribution pattern. Both colonization percentage and number of taxa were higher in needles collected in natural locations. There was a large difference in the infection levels between natural and urban areas, portion of the needle (the distal portion showing the largest number of colonies) and among the different needle age classes, with the youngest needles being virtually endophytes free and the 5 and 6 age classes being the most colonized. Thus Norway spruce foliar endophytes population appears to be influenced by age and portion of the needle and location. In the year 2003 fungal epiphytes were also investigated to compare the two different populations. Results analisys show a different distribution of endophytic and ephyphitic taxa, some species being mostly isolated in the natural locations others in the urban ones, thus indicating the presence of different clusters. Zythiostroma pinastri and Tiarosporella parca were the most frequent endophytes in natural locations while Sphaeropsis sapinea was common in urban areas. Among the epiphytes Alternaria alternata, Aureobasidium, and Cladosporium were ubiquitous taxa, Phomopsis was mostly isolated in natural locations.

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“…Sacc. was one of several species that occupied necrotic tissue (Kowalski, 1991(Kowalski, , 1996. In conclusion the Ophiostioma novo-ulmi is the main agent of DED in Poland, and it seems that in spite of common pathogen occurrence in the country the existence of elms populations are not endangered.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Łakomy¹,

Kwaśna²,

Kuźmiński³

et al. 2016

Dendrobiology

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Dutch elm disease (DED) still occurs in Poland. Previous studies confirmed occurring O. ulmi and two subspecies of O. novo-ulmi: subsp. novo-ulmi and subsp. amerciana. In this study the population of Ophiostoma occurred in Poland was investigated. The disease incidence was investigated on elms growing in 39 locations. The pathogen's mycelium was isolated from elm branches and twigs collected from 22 plots. The disease symptoms were noted in 5% to 35% trees. Fungi were identified based on the PCR amplification of the ITS 1/2 rDNA together with phylogenetic analysis of this region. Ophiostoma novo-ulmi was the only agent caused DED on Ulmus glabra, U. minor and U. laevis. There were no genetic diversity of O. novo-ulmi Polish population in analyzed ITS region. All kind of specific symptoms and disease intensity occurred independently on elm species and host age. Ulmus minor was infested most sever among the three elms species.

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Oak decline: I. Fungi associated with various disease symptoms on overground portions of middle‐aged and old oak (Quercus robur L.)

Cited by 56 publications

References 21 publications

Sexual and asexual states of some endophyticPhialocephalaspecies ofPicea

Sexual and asexual states of some endophyticPhialocephalaspecies ofPicea

Fungal endophytes and epiphytes in needles ofPicea abies(L.) Karst. from natural and urban areas in northern Italy

Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

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