Oak Catkins, Leaves and Fruits from the Oligocene Catahoula Formation and Their Evolutionary Significance

Daghlian, Charles P.; Crepet, William L.

doi:10.2307/2443119

Cited by 38 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In a separate study, genetic data showed little relevant intraspecific variation and species monophyly was not strongly contradicted (Cavender- Bares et al 2004), in contrast to previous studies in other regions (e.g., Whittemore and Schaal 1991). In this study region, however, oak species appear to adhere well to the ecological species concept (VanValen 1976, Mishler and Donoghue 1982, Daghlian and Crepet 1983 and are treated Ecological Monographs Vol. Farther north, as the length of the growing season is reduced, such isolating mechanisms may no longer be possible and hybridization events may increase in frequency, reducing the distinctiveness of species.…”

Section: Species Habitat Preferences Range Limits and Phenotypic Tcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Multiple Trait Associations in Relation to Habitat Differentiation Among 17 Floridian Oak Species

Cavender‐Bares

Kitajima

Bazzaz

2004

Ecological Monographs

277

306

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Differentiation of species distributions along environmental gradients and phenotypic specialization help explain the co-presence of 17 oak species that might otherwise be expected to competitively exclude one another. In an effort to understand the role of niche differentiation in the co-presence of these congeneric species in north-central Florida, we examined the community structure of oak-dominated forests in this region in relation to environmental variables and a suite of life history and physiological traits. Landscape distribution patterns of oaks and other woody species were determined from randomly established plots in three state parks. Soil moisture, nutrient availability, and fire regime were found to be critical factors influencing community structure, and the distribution of oak species was strongly correlated with these gradients. Detrended correspondence analysis of species' distributions supported the grouping of oak species into three major community types: (1) hammock, (2) sandhill, and (3) scrub. Principal components of multiple traits also supported differentiation of oak species into these three groups.There is clear evidence for ecological sorting among the oaks in these forests as species partition environmental gradients more than expected by chance, and most functional traits of species correspond to species distributions as predicted based on a priori understanding of trait function. Across phylogenetic lineages, species showed evolutionary convergence in function and habitat preference. In contrast, leaf-level traits were conserved within phylogenetic lineages and were not well correlated with local habitat factors, but rather with the broader geographic distributions and northern range limits of species. The cumulative results reported here provide strong evidence that oak species specialize for particular niches via trade-offs in functional traits, and such niche partitioning contributes to the high diversity of oak species at the landscape level. At smaller spatial scales, phylogenetic diversity among the oaks is likely to be important in promoting their coexistence through other mechanisms.

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Section: Species Habitat Preferences Range Limits and Phenotypic Tcontrasting

confidence: 65%

Multiple Trait Associations in Relation to Habitat Differentiation Among 17 Floridian Oak Species

Cavender‐Bares

Kitajima

Bazzaz

2004

Ecological Monographs

277

306

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“…As a fossil‐rich group, solid leaf fossil records of Quercus s.l. dating from the Tertiary have been reported from multiple sites in the Northern Hemisphere (Guo, , ; Daghlian & Crepet, ; Uzunova et al ., ; Xiao et al ., ; Kvacek, ). The venation is generally preserved in the leaf fossils and is able to reveal their identities at the generic, sectional and even at species level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaf epidermal features ofQuercussubgenusCyclobalanopsis(Fagaceae) and their systematic significance

Deng

Hipp

et al. 2014

Bot J Linn Soc

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Leaf epidermal features are important taxonomic features in Quercus. We studied leaf epidermal features of 91 species and one forma of Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis using light and scanning electron microscopy. Trichome terminology in oaks was assessed and clarified, aiming to score the epidermal features accurately for genus-wide comparison. Nine trichome types, anomocytic and cyclocytic stomatal apparatus, smooth layer and platelet epicuticular wax flakes, and two trichome base types were found in subgenus Cyclobalanopsis. The epidermal features revealed three main groups in subgenus Cyclobalanopsis. The epidermal features of Quercus s.l. were uniform, supporting recognition of Cyclobalanopsis as a subgenus of Quercus rather than as a separate genus. Most leaf epidermal features show a mosaic pattern, although their numerous variations offered valuable resources for species identification. The leaf epidermal features that can be used for identification of Quercus leaves are also discussed and summarized.

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“…To convert the model estimate of divergence time to demographic units, we considered a range of mutation rates and generation times. For cpDNA, we calculated a mutation rate for our locus by dividing the Jukes & Cantor (1969) corrected sequence divergence rate per base pair among red oaks and white oak/live oaks by two times the estimated divergence time of the sections ( c. 40 Ma) (Daghlian & Crepet, 1983; Crepet & Nixon, 1989; Manos et al. , 1999).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak

Gugger

Cavender‐Bares

2011

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The origins of the Cuban biota are of long‐standing interest in biogeography, and the source of a small live oak (Quercus series Virentes) population on Cuba remains unresolved. Based on morphological evidence, previous authors have hypothesized a Florida origin from either Q. geminata or Q. virginiana or both; a Mexican origin from Q. oleoides; or a hybrid origin from both sources. We use molecular data and taxonomically informative leaf morphology to identify the source species and timing of colonization. Location Cuba, Central America, Mexico and the south‐eastern United States. Methods We collected representative samples of Cuban oaks and each putative source species and genotyped each sample at 12 nuclear microsatellites and two chloroplast DNA sequences. We estimated population structure using a Bayesian clustering analysis and F‐statistics, pairwise migration rates among taxa, and divergence time using an isolation‐with‐migration model. We measured seven leaf traits and conducted an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) to determine which putative source species was most similar to Cuban oaks. Results Cuban oak contains one chloroplast DNA haplotype, which is common in southern Florida. Bayesian clustering analysis of microsatellites revealed that the Cuban oak forms a distinct and pure population cluster, and F‐statistics showed that Cuban oaks are differentiated least from Q. virginiana and most from Q. geminata. Migration rates were highest out of Cuba to Q. oleoides. Molecular diversity, the ratio of allelic richness to allele size range, and effective population size of the Cuban oak were relatively low, suggesting a founder effect. Divergence time estimates fell entirely within the Pleistocene (628–6 ka), considering a range of mutation rates and generation times. Cuban oaks were morphologically most similar to Q. virginiana and least similar to Q. geminata. Main conclusions Molecular and morphological data support a Pleistocene dispersal of Q. virginiana from Florida to Cuba, followed by isolation and divergence, then limited dispersal and introgression from Cuba to Q. oleoides in Central America. Birds could have dispersed acorns to Cuba during a glacial period when sea levels were low. These results highlight the varied origin of the Cuban biota and the possible role of Pleistocene glaciations in the establishment of temperate taxa in the tropics.

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Oak Catkins, Leaves and Fruits from the Oligocene Catahoula Formation and Their Evolutionary Significance

Cited by 38 publications

References 16 publications

Multiple Trait Associations in Relation to Habitat Differentiation Among 17 Floridian Oak Species

Multiple Trait Associations in Relation to Habitat Differentiation Among 17 Floridian Oak Species

Leaf epidermal features ofQuercussubgenusCyclobalanopsis(Fagaceae) and their systematic significance

Molecular and morphological support for a Florida origin of the Cuban oak

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