O4.4. Confidence, Performance, and Accuracy of Self-Assessment of Social Cognition: A Comparison of Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Controls

Relationships between Sleep Quality, Introspective Accuracy, and Confidence Differ among People with Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder with Psychotic Features

“…For the ER-40, participants indicated their confidence as 0% (not at all confident), 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% (very confident) [ 39 ]. Confidence ratings on each item were averaged into a single average confidence score, which was calculated separately for each task [ 12 , 13 ].…”

“…People with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders demonstrate difficulty in accurately evaluating their neurocognitive, social cognitive, and functional abilities [ 2 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Deficits in IA are bidirectional, and people have been found to both under- and overestimate their abilities [ 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The direction of IA discrepancies (i.e., under- and overestimation) has been referred to as “introspective bias” (IB) [ 16 ].…”

“…Previous work suggests that people with schizophrenia-spectrum and bipolar disorders report confidence in their abilities that is unrelated to their objective performance. For example, one study identified that participants were overly confident while completing tasks of social cognition, regardless of their actual performance on the tasks, sometimes even reporting that their performance was perfect [ 13 ]. Additional work suggests moderate correlations between confidence ratings and item-by-item accuracy judgments, while confidence ratings were unrelated to actual task scores on a neurocognitive task [ 12 ].…”

“…Additional work suggests moderate correlations between confidence ratings and item-by-item accuracy judgments, while confidence ratings were unrelated to actual task scores on a neurocognitive task [ 12 ]. Confidence about task performance appears to be related to both IA and IB, and in expected directions: higher confidence is associated with overestimation of abilities, and lower confidence is associated with underestimation of abilities [ 12 , 13 ]. These relationships can reflect one’s general tendency to either over- or underestimate their abilities [ 4 , 13 , 17 ].…”

“…Confidence about task performance appears to be related to both IA and IB, and in expected directions: higher confidence is associated with overestimation of abilities, and lower confidence is associated with underestimation of abilities [ 12 , 13 ]. These relationships can reflect one’s general tendency to either over- or underestimate their abilities [ 4 , 13 , 17 ].…”