O1‐11‐06: Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Ten‐year Cumulative Prevalence of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

Whitmer, Rachel A.; Mayeda, Elizabeth Rose; Quesenberry, Charles P.; Lu, Wendy; Glymour, M. Maria

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.121

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The symptoms and signs associated with AD were more striking in the white population than any other ethnic group, supporting findings from previous study that AD is more highly prevalent in Caucasians than any other ethnic groups (31) and contrary to more recent research indicating a higher prevalence in African Americans and Asians (32). However, the prevalence found in this research could be due to the high population of whites in the areas, geographical location and chance, as it might be difficult for an ethnic minority individual to go for a check-up for memory issues than their white counterparts, especially as, the interviews indicate issues of language barriers and translation issues, which could confound the diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Identifying Patterns in Signs and Symptoms Preceding the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Retrospective Medical Record Review Study and a Nested Case-control Design

Bature

Pang²,

Robinson

et al. 2018

CAR

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Identifying Patterns in Signs and Symptoms Preceding the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Retrospective Medical Record Review Study and a Nested Case-control Design

Bature

Pang²,

Robinson

et al. 2018

CAR

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“…Similarly, evidence shows that provider adoption of the AWV has varied by geographical region 22 . Furthermore, since rates of both AWV utilization 11 and undiagnosed dementia 20,21 differ by race and ethnicity, the relationship between AWV utilization and new dementia diagnosis may be confounded by factors related to race and ethnicity. The main challenge of estimating the effect of the visit is that some of these confounding factors are not observable in claims or survey data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We hypothesized that AWV utilization would be associated with an increased likelihood of receiving a new diagnosis of dementia. Because rates of undiagnosed dementia are higher in racial and ethnic minority elders, 20,21 a secondary goal was to estimate the effect of the AWV by race and ethnicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of direct cognitive assessment in the Medicare annual wellness visit on dementia diagnosis rates

Lind

Hildreth

Lindrooth

et al. 2021

Health Services Research

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Objective To evaluate the relationship between direct cognitive assessment introduced with the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) and new diagnoses of dementia, and to determine if effects vary by race. Data Sources Medicare Limited Data Set 5% sample claims 2003‐2014 and the HRSA Area Health Resources Files. Study Design Instrumental Variable approach estimating the relationship between AWV utilization and new diagnoses of dementia using county‐level Welcome to Medicare Visit rates as an instrument. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Three hundred twenty‐four thousand three hundred and eighty‐five fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries without dementia when the AWV was introduced in 2011. Principal Findings Annual Wellness Visit utilization was associated with an increased probability of new dementia diagnosis with effects varying by racial group (categorized as white, black, Hispanic/Latino, or Asian based on Social Security Administration data). Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for new dementia diagnosis within 6 months of AWV utilization were as follows: 2.34 (2.13, 2.58) white, 2.22 (1.71, 2.89) black, 4.82 (2.94, 7.89) Asian, and 6.14 (3.70, 10.19) Hispanic (P < .001 for each). Our findings show that estimates that do not control for selection underestimate the effect of AWV on new diagnoses. Conclusions Dementia diagnosis rates increased with AWV implementation with heterogenous effects by race and ethnicity. Current recommendations by the United States Preventive Services Task Force state that the evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against screening for cognitive impairment in older adults.

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“…Neuropsychological assessment provides critical information about the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias and is an essential component of longitudinal research aimed at understanding disparities in dementia. Older Hispanics and older non-Hispanic Blacks are more likely than older Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) to have AD (Evans et al, 2003; Gurland et al, 1998; Haerer, Anderson, & Schoenberg, 1987; Mayeda, Glymour, Quesenberry, & Whitmer, 2016; Perkins et al, 1997; Potter et al, 2009; Prineas et al, 1995; Samper-Ternent et al, 2012; Tang et al, 1998, 2001; Whitmer, Mayeda, Quesenberry, Lu, & Glymour, 2014; Yaffe et al, 2013). Women account for nearly two thirds of the 5.3 million individuals aged 65 years and older with AD in the United States (Hebert, Weuve, Scherr, & Evans, 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement invariance of neuropsychological measures of cognitive aging across race/ethnicity by sex/gender groups.

Avila

Rentería²,

Witkiewitz

et al. 2020

Neuropsychology

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the measurement invariance of a neuropsychological battery across race/ethnicity by sex/gender subgroups over repeated measurements. Method: Participants were 6,057 non-Hispanic White (NHW), Black, and Hispanic men and women in the Washington/ Hamilton Heights Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) who were administered neuropsychological tests of memory, language, and visuospatial abilities at 18 to 24-month intervals for up to 25 years. Invariance analyses were conducted on the three-factor model across sex/gender, racial/ethnic, and sex/gender by racial/ethnic subgroups, as well as across five assessment timepoints. Results: The three-factor model demonstrated full measurement invariance across sex/gender groups and over repeated measurements. However, partial measurement invariance (invariant factor structure and factor loadings but nonequivalent observed score intercepts) for the language domain was exhibited across racial/ethnic and sex/gender by racial/ethnic subgroups. Conclusion: Establishing measurement invariance is essential for valid interpretation of group differences in cognitive test performance. Findings from the current study highlight the need for continued examination of sex/gender by racial/ethnic differences in measurement properties of assessment tools, as well as expanded research on sex/gender variability across other understudied racial/ethnic groups.

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O1‐11‐06: Ethnic and Racial Disparities in Ten‐year Cumulative Prevalence of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Identifying Patterns in Signs and Symptoms Preceding the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Retrospective Medical Record Review Study and a Nested Case-control Design

Identifying Patterns in Signs and Symptoms Preceding the Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Retrospective Medical Record Review Study and a Nested Case-control Design

The effect of direct cognitive assessment in the Medicare annual wellness visit on dementia diagnosis rates

Measurement invariance of neuropsychological measures of cognitive aging across race/ethnicity by sex/gender groups.

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