O setor de energia elétrica brasileiro e a perspectiva de uma reforma setorial

Abstract

Desde o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a relação público-privado do setor de energia elétrica nunca saiu totalmente das discussões do Planalto. A MP 579/2012 e a privatização das distribuidoras da Eletrobras foram marcos que, aliados a um governo herdeiro de instabilidade política, fizeram ganhar força uma pauta mais liberal. A expansão do mercado livre de energia acessível a todos os consumidores brasileiros tem ganhado mais adeptos, e os principais afetados por essa possível mudança são os consumidores residenciais. Por isso, este estudo, explorando a história do setor, visa apresentar possíveis vantagens da expansão do mercado livre de energia elétrica, assim como suas consequências. Como será garantida a segurança energética? O consumidor está pronto para lidar com um mercado livre de energia? Os benefícios de um mercado competitivo são possíveis em um país de grande dimensão como o Brasil?

Analysis of the strategies for the commercialization of electric energy of generating agents in the short term environment

“…Note that the contracted amount is higher in the 6 month to 1-year period, followed by 1-month contracts. According to Nogueira and Bertussi (2019), the free energy market is an essential tool to promote competition, efficiency and technological innovation in the national market.…”

“…The Brazilian Electric System (SEB) has a large number of power plants, thousands of kilometers of transmission lines and a large number of substations and control centers. The high complexity of managing all the equipment and the costs involved have encouraged the government, research groups, universities and companies to seek safe and efficient tools and techniques to operate and expand the national electrical system (NOGUEIRA and BERTUSSI, 2019).…”

“…Other important milestones can be highlighted for this reform, such as in 1995 the enactment of Law n• 9.074 that stimulated the participation of private initiative in the electric power generation sector, creating the independent power producer (PIE), being autonomous to act in the market and free to make their own decisions, assuming the results from such decisions (BRASIL, 1995;HUNT and SHUTTLEWORTH, 1996). This law initiated the competition in the commercialization of electricity with the introduction of the Free and Special Consumer, and in 1996 with the implementation of the Restructuring Project of the Brazilian Electric System (RE-SEB), which enabled the deverticalization of the sector (NOGUEIRA and BERTUSSI, 2019).…”

“…The new model created the Energy Research Company (EPE), with the function of developing studies and research for planning the expansion of the system. It also created the Energy Sector Monitoring Committee (CMSE), with the function of evaluating the security of electricity supply, and the Electric Energy Trading Chamber (CCEE), responsible for buying and selling electricity through two trading environments, called the Regulated Contracting Environment (ACR) and the Free Contracting Environment ACL (TOLMASQUIM, 2015;NOGUEIRA and BERTUSSI, 2019).…”