O parto prematuro induzido pela covid-19: uma revisão da literatura / Premature birth induced by covid-19: a literature review

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: A Coronavírus Disease-2019 é uma infecção respiratória aguda potencialmente grave e de distribuição global. Devido à sua propagação global e ao estado de calamidade provocado foi declarado pela OMS, a pandemia por COVID-19. O seu acometimento em gestantes está associado a diversas repercussões, como o parto prematuro. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa de literatura, através de pesquisa na base de dados Pubmed utilizando os descritores: ''preterm birth''; ''coronavirus infection'', ''premature birth labor'' e ''pregnancy''. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 121 artigos, entre os quais 17 foram selecionados, sendo todos publicados em 2020 e consistem em estudos de coorte prospectivos e retrospectivos, revisões sistemáticas e metanálises. DISCUSSÃO: Pesquisas que avaliaram mulheres grávidas infectadas apontam um índice superior de prematuridade entre os recém-nascidos de mães com COVID-19, em comparação com a população geral. A invasão viral poderia desencadear trabalho de parto prematuro via receptor toll-like TLR-3 ativando a via comum. Os partos prematuros ocorrem com frequência em mulheres com doença grave, sendo predominantemente cesáreas. CONCLUSÃO: A infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 em gestantes foi associada a maiores índices de parto prematuro e de partos cesáreos quando comparados à população não infectada.Palavras-chave: nascimento prematuro, trabalho de parto prematuro, coronavírus, infecção por coronavírus, gravidez. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION:Coronavirus Disease-2019 is a potentially severe acute respiratory infection with global distribution. Due to the global spread and the state of calamity caused, the pandemic by COVID-19 was declared by WHO. Its involvement in pregnant women is associated with several repercussions, such as premature birth. METHODOLOGY: This is a narrative literature review, through research in the Pubmed database. using the following descriptors: '' preterm birth ''; '' coronavirus infection '', '' premature birth labor '' and '' pregnancy ''. RESULTS: 121 articles were found, of which 17 were selected, all of which were published in 2020 and consist of prospective and retrospective cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyzes. DISCUSSION: Research evaluating infected pregnant women indicates a higher rate of prematurity among newborn babies born to mothers with COVID-19, compared to the general population. A viral invasion could trigger premature labor via the toll-like receptor TLR-3 activating the common route. Premature births occur frequently in women with severe disease, being predominantly cesarean. CONCLUSION: The SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women was associated with higher rates of premature delivery and cesarean deliveries when compared to the uninfected population.

Prevalence and temporal trend of prematurity in Brazil before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a historical time series analysis, 2011-2021

“… 7 Among maternal infections, it is worth mentioning COVID-19, a disease caused by a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and its possible influence on preterm birth, either due to pathological issues of induction of labor before term, or pregnancy termination due to maternal complications of infection, such as respiratory syndrome. 8 A meta-analysis that included 16 observational studies and 44 case reports, totaling 920 neonates of SARS-CoV-2- infected pregnant women, showed that approximately 37% of these deliveries were preterm births. 9 …”

Covid 19 in Pregnancy: Clinical Manifestations, Main Complications and Obstetric Outcomes

“…368 pregnant women (96.5%) had mild symptoms of the disease; 14 pregnant women (3.6%) had the severe form and 3 (0.8%) evolved to a critical condition. 16 An observational study and meta-analysis performed by Di Mascio D et al (2020) found that more than 90% of pregnant women infected with Sars-Cov-2 and with pneumonia had some complication during pregnancy. The ones that stood out the most were premature delivery, pre-eclampsia and cesarean section, in addition to neonatal death.…”

Changes in assistance and care in the pregnancy-puerperal cycle in times of coronavirus / Mudanças da assistência e cuidado no ciclo gravídico-puerperal em tempos de coronavírus

“…Thus, the urgent need to redress gender inequalities that affect women's lives is again reinforced. [18][19][20][21] In addition to the various impacts that the pandemic period provided to pregnant and postpartum women, another extremely important issue is the effect of the economic factor in families. The decrease in family income is also related to mental illness because, besides affecting the way the family goes through this difficult time, it also affects family relationships.…”