“…An important player in the field of Brazilian pediatrics, Fernandes Figueira advocated for preventive health for children, science education for mothers, and the crucial importance of breastfeeding; essentially, integrated care for mothers and their offspring (Sanglard, 2014). During the public health reform between 1920 and 1923, one result of which was the creation of the Child Health Inspectorate, Fernandes Figueira was put in charge of setting up child health units in several districts of the then Brazilian capital, Rio de Janeiro, as well as the building a new hospital, Hospital Abrigo Arthur Bernardes, between 1924 and1926. Opened in April 1926 with much pomp and circumstance and heralded by the press as a new benchmark in healthcare, combining as it did care for mothers and their children, the hospital did not prosper.…”