“…This makes XANES a very powerful instrument for direct structural characterization in a wide range of systems, including semiconductors [83,103], superconductors [104], oxides [105][106][107][108][109], catalysts [82,102,[110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117], solutions [118], surfaces and interfaces [119][120][121], and biological [122][123][124][125][126], geological [127][128][129][130] and hybrid organic-inorganic materials [113,[131][132][133]. The relation between geometrical features and XANES response mainly depends on the multiple-scattering processes (figure 5c) of the excited photoelectron after the ionization threshold, which dominate with respect to the single-scattering events due to the lowered photoelectron energy.…”