O indivíduo entre escombros: integração e resistência na dialética de Theodor W. Adorno

Abstract

This doctoral research investigates the possibilities of resistance to the integration process between the individual and the society that were intensified in the transition to the administered world. In order to achieve this goal, it was accompanied in the works of Theodor W. Adorno, in a delimitation that stresses two of his major publications-the work written together with Max Horkheimer, Dialectics of Enlightenment, and one of his latest published works, Negative Dialetics-the historical movement of the object: the economic and social transformations and their reflections on the object of psychology, which required a theory update, in order to handle the new obstacles to the human emancipation project. In the transition from competitive capitalism to the capitalism of the era of great monopolies, the possibility of a praxis that enables a true social transformation is blocked, except for that one which is still assured by the potential of the theory. With political praxis blocked, the bet is on copernican upheaval for the half-educated subject, who has his/hers experiences regulated by the clichés and stereotypes of pseudo-culture, severely reducing the possibility of a critical consciousness of opposition to the system, capable not only of asserting the identity with the existing one. Dialectics must therefore remain negative, since the only possible form of asserting in this society is the denial of the non-true whole, just in this way the concepts keep the non-identical free from the charm of identity. The settlement of account of the thought with freedom is possible only by the reconciliation of nature and spirit. By incorporating mimetic elements into the thought, non-identical can be expressed through philosophical essay and constellation language, qualitatively jumping from identity with the strength of the concepts themselves. But would the possible resistance be restricted only to the highly sophisticated conceptual elaboration, inaccessible to the empirical dimension of the halfeducated individual? In order to relate to the object without asserting himself/herself as an autocratic and fixed-sense donor subjectivity, the subject must also reconcile himself/herself with his own denied nature. Indissoluble relationship between mimetic and corporal dimension, both in philosophy and in the empirical dimension of life, marks the indissoluble link of the Adornian text with an authentic materialism with the body. By the recollection and elaboration of our mutilation marks, it is possible to inflate in the consciousness a form of reason that is allied to sensitivity. Depersonalization phenomenon, a nefarious result of the failure of culture, could provide some open contact to the formative experience. It carries with it contradictions and a modest potentiality of resistance, given that when the individual ceases to be subject, he can also break with this false self, fixed to identity, and hence impotent and resigned. Perhaps only in this way, considering the overwhelming power of social adjustment, the indiv...