“…According to the Spanish association concerned with the preservation of castles ( Asociación española de amigos de los Castillos ), 1 there are more than 10 000 fortifications across the country, of which at least 3000 could be considered to date to the medieval period. Although there is no official inventory, it is possible to estimate on the basis of existing scholarship that around 500 castles have been excavated and published, which accounts for less than approximately 2% of the total (Bazzana et al, 1983; Ferreira Fernándes, 2002, 2013; Gallego, 2016; Gutiérrez González & Suárez Manjón, 2007; Malpica Cuello, 1998, 2003; Martín García et al, 1999; Molina & Eiroa, 2009; Palacios Ontalva, 2019; Quirós Castillo & Tejado Sebastián, 2012; Retuerce Velasco & de Castro Fernández, 2018; Retuerce Velasco & Cobos Guerra, 2004; Valor Piechota & Gutiérrez González, 2014, pp. 148–175).…”