O-doped porous carbon derived from biomass waste for high-performance zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

Natural Peach Gum as Porous Carbon Precursor and Gel Electrolyte for High‐Performance Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

“…The maximum energy density reaches 152.3 Wh kg −1 with a power density of 180 W kg −1 , and the highest power density reaches 9000 W kg −1 with an energy density for 52.8 Wh kg −1 , which are comparable with the reported literatures. [ 41–49 ] To further investigate the charge storage mechanism of the ZHSC, the relationship between current ( i ) and scan rate ( v ) is investigated. The diffusion‐controlled and capacitive‐controlled contributions are quantitative analyzed according to the following equation [ 50 ] $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{i\left( v \right) = {k_1}v + {k_2}{v^{1/2}}}\end{array} \]$$…”

“…2023, 7, 2200412 highest power density reaches 9000 W kg −1 with an energy density for 52.8 Wh kg −1 , which are comparable with the reported literatures. [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] To further investigate the charge storage mechanism of the ZHSC, the relationship between current (i) and scan rate (v) is investigated. The diffusion-controlled and capacitive-controlled contributions are quantitative analyzed according to the following equation [50] 1 2…”

Fundamentals and Scientific Challenges in Structural Design of Cathode Materials for Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

“…Carbon-based materials seem to be the most extensively utilized as cathode material for ZHSC, which stores charges through reversible electrostatic adsorption/desorption of Zn ions at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. Carbon-based materials such as activated carbon, [80] porous carbon nanosheets, [81] porous carbon architectures, [82] nitrogen (N) doped carbon, [71a] sulfur-doped carbon, [83] N and oxygen (O) co-doped carbon, [84] boron and phosphorus co-doped carbon, [85] boron and N co-doped carbon, [86] biomass-derived carbon, [87] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived carbon, [88] graphene [28a] /composites, [89] mesoporous hollow carbon spheres, [90] carbon fiber flims, [91] oxidized carbon nanotubes, [92] porous carbon nanoflakes, [81] and functionalized carbon nanosponges [93] have been actively studied as cathode for ZHSCs owing to their high specific surface area, good conductivity and excellent thermal/ chemical stability. Therefore, this section will provide a comprehensive overview of carbon-based cathode materials used to construct ZHSC.…”

“…The selection of cathode materials and design criteria for the divalent ion-based SCs differ significantly from monovalent. Only a few materials have been reported as a cathode for ZHSC, including carbon, [27] graphene, [28] manganese oxide, [29] vanadium oxide, [30] and metal carbides (MXene). [31] Even though several critical reviews have summarized the recent advances and prospects of ZHSCs from various perspectives (Table 1).…”

“…The selection of cathode materials and design criteria for the divalent ion‐based SCs differ significantly from monovalent. Only a few materials have been reported as a cathode for ZHSC, including carbon, [ 27 ] graphene, [ 28 ] manganese oxide, [ 29 ] vanadium oxide, [ 30 ] and metal carbides (MXene). [ 31 ]…”