O-Cam: A new paradigm for investigating the effects of ostracism

Goodacre, Rani; Zadro, Lisa

doi:10.3758/brm.42.3.768

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Not including a task with high likelihood of eliciting SCE may have limited our ability to examine the relevance of SCE-related temporal dynamics as effectively as possible. Although our use of several different emotion induction tasks with the potential to elicit a wide range of emotions was a strength, future research can improve upon the present study by including tasks that target SCE and its triggers (e.g., social rejection, ethical indiscretions) more directly, such as the O-Cam task (Goodacre & Zadro, 2010) or individualized emotional scripts (see Kuo, Neacsiu, Fitzpatrick, & MacDonald, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional lability and affective synchrony in borderline personality disorder.

Schoenleber

Berghoff

Tull

et al. 2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Extant research on emotional lability in borderline personality disorder (BPD) has focused almost exclusively on lability of individual emotions or emotion types, with limited research considering how different types of emotions shift together over time. Thus, this study examined the temporal dynamics of emotion in BPD at the level of both individual emotions (i.e., self-conscious emotions [SCE], anger, and anxiety) and mixed emotions (i.e., synchrony between emotions). One hundred forty-four women from the community completed a diagnostic interview and laboratory study involving five emotion induction tasks (each of which was preceded and followed by a 5-min resting period or neutral task). State ratings of SCE, anger, and anxiety were provided at 14 time points (before and after each laboratory task and resting period). Hierarchical linear modeling results indicate that women with BPD reported greater mean levels of SCE and Anxiety (but not Anger), and greater lability of Anxiety. Women with BPD also exhibited greater variability in lability of all three emotions (suggestive of within-group differences in the relevance of lability to BPD). Results also revealed synchrony (i.e., positive relations) between each possible pair of emotions, regardless of BPD status. Follow-up regression analyses suggest the importance of accounting for lability when examining the role of synchrony in BPD, as the relation of SCE-Anger synchrony to BPD symptom severity was moderated by Anger and SCE lability. Specifically, synchronous changes in SCE and Anger were associated with greater BPD symptom severity when large shifts in SCE were paired with minor shifts in Anger.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional lability and affective synchrony in borderline personality disorder.

Schoenleber

Berghoff

Tull

et al. 2016

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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“…Additionally, Cyberball is only a simulation of rejection and does not reflect all aspects of social rejection in the real world. Further studies could use more complex simulations, like the “O-Cam” technique reported in (Goodacre and Zadro, 2010). Further, anecdotal reports of MDMA’s effects on social feelings and behavior generally come from settings in which the drug is taken with others, while in this and all other laboratory studies so far, participants have taken the drug alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MDMA decreases the effects of simulated social rejection

Frye

Wardle

Norman

et al. 2014

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) increases self-reported positive social feelings and decreases the ability to detect social threat in faces, but its effects on experiences of social acceptance and rejection have not been determined. We examined how an acute dose of MDMA affects subjective and autonomic responses to simulated social acceptance and rejection. We predicted that MDMA would decrease subjective responses to rejection. On an exploratory basis, we also examined the effect of MDMA on respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a measure of parasympathetic cardiac control often thought to index social engagement and emotional regulation. Over three sessions, healthy adult volunteers with previous MDMA experience (N = 36) received capsules containing placebo, 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg of MDMA under counter-balanced double-blind conditions. During expected peak drug effect, participants played two rounds of a virtual social simulation task called “Cyberball” during which they experienced acceptance in one round and rejection in the other. During the task we also obtained electrocardiograms (ECGs), from which we calculated RSA. After each round, participants answered questionnaires about their mood and self-esteem. As predicted, MDMA decreased the effect of simulated social rejection on self-reported mood and self-esteem and decreased perceived intensity of rejection, measured as the percent of ball tosses participants reported receiving. Consistent with its sympathomimetic properties, MDMA decreased RSA as compared to placebo. Our finding that MDMA decreases perceptions of rejection in simulated social situations extends previous results indicating that MDMA reduces perception of social threat in faces. Together these findings suggest a cognitive mechanism by which MDMA might produce pro-social behavior and feelings and how the drug might function as an adjunct to psychotherapy. These phenomena merit further study in non-simulated social environments.

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“…On the contrary, being excluded by real people is not always necessary to induce feelings of exclusion as it has been shown that exclusion by a computer is also sufficient to induce feelings of exclusion (Zadro et al, 2004). A recent alternative paradigm that future studies could use is the new paradigm “O'cam,” which is more ecologically valid than the Cyberball game as it contains a Web-based interaction between the participant and (pre-recorded) excluders (Goodacre & Zadro, 2010). Because relational bullying is likely to be an ongoing and repetitive process (Olweus, 1991; Roland, 1989), the manipulation of social exclusion could also be varied in intensity and over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeling psychologically restrained: the effect of social exclusion on tonic immobility

Mooren

Minnen

2014

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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BackgroundA variety of studies have demonstrated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in victims of bullying. Because bullying with only relational aggression, such as social exclusion, does not involve physical aggression that could explain PTSD symptoms, it remains unclear why these relational aggression situations are also linked to PTSD symptoms.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether the fear-response tonic immobility (Ti) can occur during social exclusion. Since Ti, as an indicator of peritraumatic dissociation, is an important predictor of PTSD symptoms, we expected that the presence of Ti during social exclusion might contribute to possible explanations of PTSD symptoms in victims of relational aggression.MethodSocial exclusion was manipulated by a virtual Cyberball game in which participants were excluded and included by virtual confederates. During the game, Ti was measured, both physiologically (heart rate) and psychologically (subjective symptoms). Also, the underlying concepts of Ti, high levels of fear and psychological restraint (threatened sense of control), were measured.ResultsExcluded participants experienced higher levels of subjective and physiological Ti symptoms (lower heart rates) in comparison to social inclusion. Also, as expected, social exclusion resulted in higher levels of fear and psychological restraint in comparison to social inclusion.ConclusionSocial exclusion can evoke symptoms of Ti, fear, and psychological restraint, which might be important mechanisms to consider in explaining PTSD symptoms after relational forms of bullying in the absence of physical aggression.LimitationsThe sample only contains healthy, female participants. Whether our results translate to bullying victims of relational aggression is therefore not known. Also, the physiological measurement of Ti (average heart rate) was rather limited and could be expanded in future studies.

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O-Cam: A new paradigm for investigating the effects of ostracism

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Emotional lability and affective synchrony in borderline personality disorder.

Emotional lability and affective synchrony in borderline personality disorder.

MDMA decreases the effects of simulated social rejection

Feeling psychologically restrained: the effect of social exclusion on tonic immobility

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