O Adolescente em Conflito com a Lei e a Tendência Antissocial: Compreensão e Intervenção à Luz da Psicanálise Winnicottiana

Abstract

O envolvimento de adolescentes com a violência e a prática de atos infracionais é um grave problema da atualidade, considerando as estatísticas de jovens em medidas socioeducativas de privação de liberdade e outras modalidades de atendimento, principalmente, no Brasil. Para se compreender essa realidade se deve levar em conta os vários fatores psicológicos, sociais e culturais envolvidos, buscando-se a interlocução entre os diferentes saberes científicos para evitar uma leitura simplista e/ou unilateral do problema. Nessa perspectiva e visando contribuir para a ampliação da análise do adolescente em conflito com a lei, o presente trabalho apresenta a perspectiva teórica da psicanálise winnicottiana, que entende que o processo de desenvolvimento humano depende amplamente da provisão ambiental para que o sujeito se integre e possa se relacionar com o mundo de forma saudável. Em situações nas quais o ambiente é muito intrusivo, não respeitando ou contemplando as demandas mais emergentes da criança, pode-se desenvolver uma conduta, chamada por Winnicott de Tendência Antissocial. No texto são apresentadas as principais características desse tipo de conduta e sua relação com a prática de atos infracionais, destacando que tal prática pode sinalizar um pedido de ajuda e a busca no ambiente por algo que possa restaurar o que foi retirado e perdido. Além disso, são discutidas as orientações acerca das intervenções clínicas e institucionais para os adolescentes em conflito com a lei, tendo como âncora a psicanálise de orientação winnicottiana.Palavras-chave: Adolescência. Ato Infracional. Tendência Antissocial. Winnicott.AbstractThe involvement of adolescents with violence and the practice of infractions is a serious problem today, considering the statistics of young people in socio-educational measures of freedom of freedom and other modes of care, mainly in Brazil. In order to understand this reality, various psychological, social and cultural factors involved should be taken into account, seeking the interlocution among different scientific bodies of knowledge to avoid a simplistic and/or unilateral reading of the problem. In this perspective and aiming to contribute to the expansion of the adolescent analysis in conflict with the law, the present work presents the theoretical perspective of the winnicottian psychoanalysis, which understands that the human development process depends largely on the environmental provision so that the subject integrates and can relate to the world in a healthy way. In situations where the environment is very intrusive, not respecting or contemplating the most emergent demands of the child, could develop a behavior, called by Winnicott Antisocial Tendency. The main characteristics of this type of conduct and its relation with the practice of infractions are highlighted in the text, pointing that such conduct can signal a request for help and the search in the environment for something that can restore what was taken and lost. In addition, the guidelines on clinical and institutional interventions for adolescents in conflict with the law are discussed, with the anchor of the winnicottian orientation psychoanalysis.Keywords: Adolescence. Infrational Act. Antisocial Tendency. Winnicott.

Institutional care for children and adolescents that use drugs

“…It is necessary for social and community interventions to develop actions to establish a reliable facilitating environment, capable of promoting the provision of care in a stable manner, based on handling and holding by the care providers, so that the adolescent can experience the setting in a new way (Junior & Silva, 2018), feeling welcomed and safe.…”

“…The activities and workshops proposed by the service only make sense to adolescents when they are able to see themselves in other ways, with new perspectives. This ability to understand the extent of their acts and analyze time, space and external reality is described by the Winnicottian framework as an achievement, a phase that provides the possibility of relationships with entire people (Junior & Silva, 2018).…”

“…According to Junior and Silva (2018), environmental deprivations can be extended to comprehend the losses in the possibility of being accepted by society, due to situations of social vulnerability. Helena (Higher Education, 30hrs) commented on how the adolescents reproduce a relationship model based on aggressiveness: "They arrive here with a lot of hostility that they receive on the street.…”

“…development. This environmental provision requires management capable of providing reliable and stable care, capable of giving the adolescents hope so that they start to believe in themselves and, consequently, in others, being able to construct a new perspective on life, in a creative and personal way (Junior & Silva, 2018;Onocko-Campos, 2018). For this, the care providers demonstrate affection in the way they treat them, stating that it is possible to live together without this being based on aggression, with permanent and daily learning, as Sandra commented (Higher Education, 30hrs): "This affection, I think it makes a difference!…”

Avaliação do desenvolvimento da identidade na adolescência: estudo de validade da AIDA em pacientes com Transtorno de Personalidade >i<Borderline>/i<

“…Essas considerações embasam a pesquisa com AIDA, uma vez que o estado de difusão da identidade é marca fundamental do transtorno borderline de personalidade (Kernberg, 1977). Pinto (2015) considera ser possível pensar a construção da identidade como algo social, que é formada através da interação do adolescente com o meio, isto é, com o seu grupo de iguais e está sempre se adaptando, já que a construção desta é algo mutável (Pinto, 2015). (1990).…”