O acesso à informação: estudo do caso das Universidades Federais Brasileiras

Abstract

Access to information is a right internationally recognized as fundamental to every human being. Active and present in several areas, such as public administration and society, access is interrelated with important elements, such as democracy, transparency, corruption, information and communication technologies (TICs), accountability and governance. The justification for this investigation lies in the fact that access to information needs to be studied and understood with a balance between the comprehensive and the deep. By investigating the implementation of the legal provisions on access to information in Brazilian Federal Universities (UFs) and the impact that graduate courses in Archivology, document management and archivists have in this process, we have this balance, in the theoretical and applied perspective, understanding a significant scope for the implementation of access and still little explored: the UFs. The motivation for this theme comes from the author's experience with access to information in Universities and the need to explore and better understand this universe, so that access can be studied and executed, increasingly, linked to Archivology and its aspects. As a starting point for the construction of the investigation, eight hypotheses were elaborated, which served to guide the choice of approaches and methodological procedures. The objective of the research was segmented into three general objectives: to analyze access to information from an archival perspective; to understand the role that archivists play in the process of access to information in the UFs; and to understand the impact of graduate courses in archival science, document management and archivists on the applicability of access and transparency in the UFs. As for the general methodology used, the research is characterized as exploratory and descriptive, having a bibliographic and documental nature, being a survey and case study. For the elaboration, analysis and interpretation of the data, the analytical and comparative approaches were employed, as well as the combined qualitative-quantitative method. The structure of the thesis is divided into eight chapters. Chapter 1 deals with the INTRODUCTION, defines the general data of presentation of the research developed. Chapter 2 corresponds to the state of the art, explores and presents the universe of scientific knowledge production on access to information, in UFs, with an archival focus in Brazil. Chapter 3 covers the right of access to information, in a conceptual and situational perspective, worldwide. Chapter 4 discusses the development of access to information and its legislation, focusing on the Brazilian context. Chapter 5 demonstrates the aspects referring to Archivology, its aspects and respective projections on access to information. Chapter 6 deals with methodology, defines the methodological approach and the procedures adopted to reach each of the proposed objectives, as well as exposes the timeline of the thesis development and the limitations found along the way. Cha...

Fatores Associados À Evasão No Ensino Superior: Um Estudo Longitudinal

“…Entre os estudos desenvolvidos no âmbito das universidades federais brasileiras, o trabalho de Costa (2018) apontou, por meio de análise de sobrevivência com uma coorte de ingressantes entre 2011 e 2016, que a evasão ocorre mais frequentemente no segundo ano, na região Sul e nas universidades localizadas no interior, entre homens, autodeclarados pretos, ingressantes nas licenciaturas e em cursos noturnos; enquanto beneficiários de programas de assistência estudantil e de atividades extracurriculares apresentam menor risco de evasão.…”

“…No segundo semestre, por exemplo, entre os que ingressaram com idade entre 17 e 20 anos, o risco de evasão era de 0,10, subia para 0,13 entre os que ingressaram com idade entre 21 e 24 anos, e chegava a 0,21 para os que tinham 25 anos ou mais no ato do ingresso. O resultado vai na direção de estudos anteriores, que também identificaram maior probabilidade de evasão entre homens e estudantes mais velhos (Sales et al, 2016;Li & Chagas, 2017;Costa, 2018;De Paula, 2021). Por fim, em relação à raça, estudantes brancos apresentam riscos preditos de evasão menores que estudantes negros, mesmo quando mantemos constantes todas as demais variáveis incluídas no modelo.…”

“…A título de exemplo, no terceiro semestre, o risco de evasão era de 0,11 para os estudantes brancos, e de 0,14 para os estudantes negros. Costa (2018) também identificou maior probabilidade de evasão entre estudantes autodeclarados pretos, enquanto Costa et al (2018), De Paula (2021) e Klitzke Martins (2022) não encontraram associação entre raça e evasão.…”

“…Ou seja, ter ingressado no curso que mais aspirava e ter contado com apoio social são fatores que reduzem substantivamente os riscos de evasão. Esses resultados vão ao encontro de outros estudos que também sinalizaram forte associação entre a evasão e o apoio social ou a escolha de curso (Costa, 2018;Sales et al, 2016;De Paula, 2021;Klitzke Martins, 2022).…”