Nutritionally-Induced Alterations in Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Thermogenesis

Danforth, Elliot; Burger, Albert; Wimpfheimer, C

doi:10.1007/978-3-0348-5559-4_25

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…hormones following starvation has been demonstrated in mammals [3,40,41] and in birds fasting-induced alterations in circulating T 4 and T 3 have been reported [1,5,[42][43][44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Starvation induced hypothyroidism involves perturbations in thyroid superoxide‐sod system in pigeons

Prakash¹,

Laloraya

Kumar

1998

IUBMB Life

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: This study investigated the influence of starvation over seven days on avian thyroidal superoxide radical levels and superoxide dismutase activity profiles in the Indian rock pigeon Columba fivia intermeida, in relation with iodine metabolism. The serum thyroid hormone profile was assayed to correlate the thyroidal redox status with the circulating thyroid hormone levels. The spin-trapping results suggest a role for thyroidal superoxide anion (O2-) in causing a hypothyroid state in pigeons during long term energy withdrawal. Pigeons starved for 1 day generated superoxide and iodide free radicals in their thyroids, with a significant decrease in SOD activity. Regain of SOD activity in 2nd-and 3rd-day starved birds is marked by complete scavenging of radicals in the thyroid, suggesting the significance of SOD in thyroid glands as a potential antioxidant sink against reactive oxygen species, O2-. Resurgence of 02 radicals with a parallel decrease in SOD activity in the thyroid gland on 5th-and 7th-day of starvation provides evidence of disruption of homeostasis between pro-oxidant and antioxidant states, leading to oxidative stress in avian thyroid during long-term calorie crisis. Following starvation both thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) decreased, putting pigeons in a hypothyroid state. We argue that oxidative inactivation of thyroid peroxidase and other thyroid proteins by radical attack during starvation invoked oxidative stress, which could be one of the factors responsible for the hypothyroid state in pigeons.

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“…hormones following starvation has been demonstrated in mammals [3,40,41] and in birds fasting-induced alterations in circulating T 4 and T 3 have been reported [1,5,[42][43][44].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In homeotherms, several lines of evidence suggest that thyroid function is altered by nutritional state [1][2][3][4][5]. Both micronutrition and macronutrition can profoundly alter the synthesis, secretion, peripheral metabolism and function of thyroid hormones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starvation induced hypothyroidism involves perturbations in thyroid superoxide‐sod system in pigeons

Prakash¹,

Laloraya

Kumar

1998

IUBMB Life

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“…During fasting, however, the transformation of T 4 to rT 3 is increased, while the formation of T 3 is decreased because of the inhibition of 5′-deiodase (Hennemann et al, 1986;Peeters et al, 2002). Fasted humans and cattle, for example, had decreased T 3 but increased rT 3 concentrations, while T 4 concentrations remained more or less the same (Danforth et al, 1978;Pethes et al, 1985). Thus, tT 3 concentrations may remain unchanged during fasting while the metabolically active T 3 is reduced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid hormones correlate with field metabolic rate in ponies,Equus ferus caballus

Brinkmann

Gerken

Hambly

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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During winter, free-living herbivores are often exposed to reduced energy supply at the same time that energy needs for thermoregulation increase. Several wild herbivores as well as robust horse breeds reduce their metabolism during times of low ambient temperature and food shortage. Thyroid hormones (THs) affect metabolic intensity and a positive effect of THs on basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been demonstrated in mammals and birds. As BMR and field metabolic rate (FMR) are often assumed to be intrinsically linked, THs may represent a reliable indicator for FMR. To test this hypothesis, 10 Shetland pony mares were kept under semi-extensive central European conditions. During the winter season, one group was fed 60% and one group 100% of their maintenance energy requirements. We measured FMR, locomotor activity, resting heart rate and TH levels in summer and winter. FMR, locomotor activity, resting heart rate and total T 3 concentrations decreased substantially in winter compared with summer, whereas total T 4 increased. Food restriction led to a reduced FMR and resting heart rate, while THs and locomotor activity were not affected. Across both seasons, FMR, resting heart rate and locomotor activity were positively correlated with total T 3 but negatively and more weakly correlated with total T 4 .

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“…Current knowledge about several adaptations to changing conditions can provide models of what might occur as a result of exposure to EDCs. For example, if a woman is very young or very old (13-21), exercises intensely (22-23), has not enough food (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), is stressed (30)(31)(32)(33), or is sick (28,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38), the delicate balance of the hypothalamopituitary-ovarian axis is altered, impairing or suppressing ovulation. Thus, from an adaptive point of view, it is clear that there is no advantage for a woman to be pregnant in situations where the outcome for the mother or the fetus is not optimal.…”

Section: Changes In Endocrine Function Under Changing Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism of increase in GH may not be central because insulin-like growth factor is normal or low, suggesting a more peripheral defect (24). Starvation and fasting also quickly induce a decrease in TRH and T3 levels (T3 and rT3) (26), with a change in deiodinase activity. These hormonal changes are corrected by the administration of leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, which is a barometer of adipose tissue activity (25).…”

Section: Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant effects of mild endogenous hormonal changes in humans: considerations for low-dose testing.

Brucker‐Davis

Thayer

Colborn

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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We review the significant and adverse health effects that can occur with relatively small endogenous hormonal changes in pubertal and adult humans. We discuss the effects of hormonal changes that occur within normal physiologic ranges--such as the rising levels of estrogen in peripuberty, which cause growth spurts at low levels and then the fusion of epiphyses at higher levels--and the hormonal variations during the menstrual cycle and their relation to genital phenotypic changes and intercurrent disease evolution. We turn next to adaptive changes in gonadal and other functions during aging, exercise, stress, starvation, and chronic diseases, which can serve as models for the effects of exogenous, hormonally active compounds. Then we review the states of borderline hormonal imbalances such as subclinical (having few or very mild symptoms, if any) hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, glucose intolerance, and other endocrine conditions. Finally, we review the deleterious systemic effects of gonadal imbalance. Information stemming from clinical observations leads to the concept of "no threshold" within the endocrine system and thus illustrates the importance of considering low-dose testing for chemicals that interfere with hormonal activity. We also urge attention to more sensitive, less visible end points such as osteoporosis, increased risk for cardiovascular disease, or cognitive changes.

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Nutritionally-Induced Alterations in Thyroid Hormone Metabolism and Thermogenesis

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Starvation induced hypothyroidism involves perturbations in thyroid superoxide‐sod system in pigeons

Starvation induced hypothyroidism involves perturbations in thyroid superoxide‐sod system in pigeons

Thyroid hormones correlate with field metabolic rate in ponies,Equus ferus caballus

Significant effects of mild endogenous hormonal changes in humans: considerations for low-dose testing.

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