Nutritional Wasting Disorders in Sheep

Asín, Javier; Ramı́rez, G.A.; Navarro, Mauricio A.; Nyaoke, Akinyi C.; Henderson, Eileen E.; Mendonça, Fernanda Aparecida Sampaio; Molín, Jéssica; Uzal, Francisco A.

doi:10.3390/ani11020501

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Both deficiency and excess of Se can cause disease, and the range that separates deficient and toxic concentrations of this mineral is very narrow. Intoxication may occur in sheep with overdosed injections or by providing oral supplementation trying to correct a deficiency [5], although this tends to cause acute rather than chronic toxicity. Intoxication associated with oral Se supplementation is more commonly observed in lambs [29,30].…”

Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial diets must be correctly formulated to prevent either toxicity or deficiencies due to excess or lack of certain mineral components, respectively [5]. There are also pernicious chemical and biological products that cause acute toxicity in the short-term, but exposure to some of them over longer periods of time may also contribute to wasting and poor general performance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic Wasting Disorders in Sheep

Molín

Mendonça

Henderson

et al. 2021

Animals

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Infectious and parasitic agents have been frequently associated with debilitating and wasting conditions in sheep. The prevalence of these agents has probably undermined the role of toxic causes as contributors to such disorders. In addition, many of these intoxications frequently produce acute clinical disease with specific and characteristic lesions, thus a causal relationship with the toxic substance may be relatively easy to establish. However, persistent exposure to some of these organic or inorganic toxic substances may lead to emaciation, ill-thrift, and poor external aspect. The anti-nutritional factors and alkaloids of several plants, including pyrrolizidine alkaloids, among others, have also been associated with emaciation and/or poor general performance in sheep flocks. In this review, some of these disorders are discussed with an emphasis on clinical signs and lesions, relevant diagnostic aspects, and available therapeutic approaches. In most cases, demonstrating a history of exposure should be one of the most relevant aspects of the diagnostic approach, and removing the animals from the toxic source is the cornerstone of the majority of the treatment strategies.

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Section: Seleniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Wasting Disorders in Sheep

Molín

Mendonça

Henderson

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…Nutritional disorders can also be associated with wasting carcasses of small ruminants [ 78 , 79 ]. In meat inspection, differential diagnosis with scrapie should be done in an antemortem examination since these situations are not accompanied by other post-mortem injuries in addition to carcass emaciation.…”

Section: Scrapie—differential Diagnosis and Judgment During Meat Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary nutritional conditions (disorders) leading to poor body condition may result from inadequate energy and protein levels or a lack of specific macro and microminerals. These inadequacies may be due to poisonous pasture plants, leading to direct toxicity of the animal, or deficiencies in soil nutrients for, or diseases in, forage plants, leading to repercussions in maintaining normal ruminal flora [ 60 , 78 ]. Crude protein levels below 7% in the diet of small ruminants negatively affect normal rumen bacterial activity, resulting in slowed growth, decreased immune function, anemia, edema, and death.…”

Section: Scrapie—differential Diagnosis and Judgment During Meat Inspectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrapie at Abattoir: Monitoring, Control, and Differential Diagnosis of Wasting Conditions during Meat Inspection

Esteves

Vieira-Pinto

Quintas

et al. 2021

Animals

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Wasting disease in small ruminants is frequently detected at slaughterhouses. The wasting disorder is manifested by the deterioration of the nutritional and physiological state of the animal indicated by thinness, emaciation, and cachexia. Evidence of emaciation and cachexia, alone, are pathological conditions leading to carcass condemnation during an inspection. Several diseases are associated with a wasting condition, including scrapie, pseudotuberculosis, tuberculosis, paratuberculosis, Maedi Visna, and tumor diseases. On the other hand, parasitic diseases, nutrition disorders, exposure or ingestion of toxins, metabolic conditions, inadequate nutrition due to poor teeth, or poor alimentary diet are conditions contributing to poor body condition. Classical and atypical scrapie is naturally occurring transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in small ruminants. The etiological agent for each one is prions. However, each of these scrapie types is epidemiologically, pathologically, and biochemically different. Though atypical scrapie occurs at low incidence, it is consistently prevalent in the small ruminant population. Hence, it is advisable to include differential diagnosis of this disease, from other possibilities, as a cause of wasting conditions detected during meat inspection at the abattoir. This manuscript is a review of the measures in force at the abattoir for scrapie control, focusing on the differential diagnosis of gross lesions related to wasting conditions detected in small ruminants during meat inspection.

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“…Nutritional deficiency (ND) is a condition that leads to reduce the animal production and obstruct the trade and may severe economic losses occur (Asin et al, 2021). It may be occurred as a consequence of either insufficient diet, impaired absorption, and/or disorder in the metabolic process (Baugreet et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%