Nutritional Value and Bioactive Properties of Enzymatic Hydrolysates prepared from the Livers of Oncorhynchus keta and Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Pacific Salmon)

Abstract

Calculated chemical scores (computed in relation to the FAO/WHO reference protein) for salmon liver protein hydrolysates indicated that all amino acids (other than methionine and threonine) were present in adequate or excess quantities; thus, the raw liver material is a good source of essential amino acids. The hydrophobic amino acids contents in hydrolysates prepared from Oncorhynchus keta and O. gorbuscha were 38.4 and 39.1%, respectively. The proportion of released peptides exceeding 500 kDa was reduced when hydrolysates were treated with the commercial enzyme Alcalase, although proportions in the following MW ranges were elevated: 100-500 kDa and <50 kDa. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were as follows: pH 7.0, 50°C, and a reaction time of 1 h. Of the different proteases tested, Alcalase was the most efficient for production of salmon liver hydrolysate with the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. The hydrolysates prepared from salmon liver had a balanced amino acid composition. The liver protein hydrolysates contained low molecular weight peptides, some of which may be bio-active; this bio-active potential should be investigated. Inhibition of the DPPH radical increased with increased degree of hydrolysis (DH), regardless of protease type. DPPH radical scavenging abilities, antithrombotic effects and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effects of O. keta liver hydrolysate increased in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, salmon liver hydrolysate may be useful in functional food applications and as a source of novel products.

Use of Alcalase in the production of bioactive peptides: A review

“…Rainbow trout roe protein hydrolysates were obtained via pepsin or Alcalase hydrolysis presented essential amino acids in a very interesting proportion [710]. In another paper, hydrolysates from the livers of Oncorhynchus keta and Oncorhynchus gorbuscha were produced using different proteases and Alcalase was the most efficient one [711]. The adequate amounts of essential amino acids, the balanced amino acid composition and the presence of some possible bio-active peptides, make the Alcalase liver protein hydrolysate a good alternative in functional food applications and as a source of novel products [711].…”

Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease: The Potential Role of Marine Bioactive Proteins and Peptides in Thrombosis Prevention

“…Huang et al analyzed proteins and potential bioactive peptides and revealed that tilapia skin collagen is a promising source for producing antithrombotic peptides . Yoon et al found that hydrolysates from Oncorhynchus keta showed higher antithrombotic efficacy compared to Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, with the Neutrase enzyme being more suitable for producing antithrombotic peptides than papain …”

“…28 Yoon et al found that hydrolysates from Oncorhynchus keta showed higher antithrombotic efficacy compared to Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, with the Neutrase enzyme being more suitable for producing antithrombotic peptides than papain. 29 Recent research focused on marine shellfish as a source for developing anticoagulant peptides. Anticoagulant peptides have been successfully isolated and purified from various marine shellfish proteins, including oyster, mussel, scallop, clam, and more.…”

Salmonidae Genome: Features, Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Characteristics

“…Combined with their tetraploid origin, life history diversity, and rate of diversification, they have generated significant interest from the research community. Equally important, salmon is considered an excellent source of nutrients such as amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. The problem remains that many salmon populations are declining, and great efforts are directed toward their conservation, especially in relation to anthropogenic factors [ 14 ].…”