Nutritional Therapy for Asian Patients at Risk for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract

The burden of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains high worldwide, and its prevalence has increased in Asian countries over the last two decades. The increase in ASCVD may arise from complex interactions between genetic and lifestyle/environmental factors. Abnormal blood cholesterol levels, elevated blood glucose, obesity, elevated blood pressure, smoking, and family history are common risk factors of ASCVD. There is an increased burden of ASCVD in Asian countries, maybe due to rapid economic development and lifestyle changes in these countries. Nutrition is one of the major modifiable risk factors for ASCVD. Despite this, there are insufficient nutritional therapies for prevention and management of ASCVD in Asian patients. There is also a lack of relevant research in Asian populations. In this review, we describe the current nutritional guidelines and the findings from previous landmark studies regarding management and/or prevention of ASCVD. We also summarize the recommendations regarding evidence-based nutrition therapy/management strategies that may be effective in Asian subjects to prevent onset and/or to treat ASCVD.

Low nutritional status links to the prevalence of pre-metabolic syndrome and its cluster in metabolically high-risk Korean adults

“…Abdominal obesity is regarded as a fundamental clinical risk factor which reflects higher visceral fat accumulation in the abdomen area contributes to insulin resistance, diabetes, and CVD. For applying clinical nutrition management [36][37][38][39][40] such as individualized calorie restriction for weight control; decrease total calories from alcohol and carbohydrates for glycemic control; reduce intake of sodium, simple sugars, saturated fat, and total fat for lowering BP; increase consumption of fruit and vegetables by decreasing MetS and CVDs onset in metabolically high-risk population. Therefore, it is recommended that population-based positive behavioral support and self-efficacy accomplish a healthy nutritional status by considering, genetic and environmental characteristics.…”

Associations of Dietary Intake with Cardiovascular Disease, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profile in the Korean Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Additionally, the relatively small number of studies for many pooled estimates and the substantial between-study heterogeneity resulting from differences between the study populations might have decreased the strength of the evidence obtained from the pooled analyses. As a result, most of the evidence was deemed to be “limited” or “insufficient.” Secondly, although diabetes has been well established as a strong risk factor of CVD, 102 and a predictive equation for CHD has been developed for the Korean population, 103 we focused our research on only hypertension and dyslipidemia because the population-attributable risk of diabetes for CVD was fourth-highest in Korean men and third-highest in Korean women, after the population-attributable risks of hypertension and dyslipidemia for CVD. 18 Thirdly, although several other biomarkers of atherosclerotic CVD have been reported for the Korean population, such as the ankle-brachial index, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, lipoprotein(a), apolipoprotein B, and the coronary artery calcium score, 104 data on these biomarkers were not available for the analysis.…”