Nutritional Supplements in Support of Resistance Exercise to Counter Age-Related Sarcopenia

Phillips, Stuart M.

doi:10.3945/an.115.008367

Cited by 120 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Resistance exercise is particularly effective in helping preserve muscle mass and strength in older adults, although there appears to be some variability in the dose-response relationship reported in the literature [49,50]. The LIFE study demonstrated the benefit of long term intervention with a structured physical activity program (aerobic, resistance training and flexibility activities) as compared to a health education program in preventing mobility-disability in older adults [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition, there is emerging evidence showing benefits of supplementation with specific nutrients such as Vitamin D, branch chain amino acids and their metabolites, and omega-3 fatty acids on muscle health [7,54]. High-protein oral nutritional supplements have been shown to improve strength outcomes in malnourished older adults with sarcopenia and enhance resistance traininginduced skeletal muscle mass and function [56,49]. The same early intervention strategies (physical activity and nutrition) apply to the SO population along with calorie restriction, although higher protein intakes are recommended (at least 1.2 g/kg body weight or 1.9g/kg fat free mass per day), to preserve muscle mass during the weight loss period [56].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Vary with Race/Ethnicity and Advancing Age

Du¹,

Goates²,

Arensberg³

et al. 2018

Divers Equal Health Care

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Sarcopenia is the natural age-associated loss of muscle mass/function, often occurring simultaneously with obesity, especially in older adults. Sarcopenia and obesity contribute to poor health outcomes and when occurring together as sarcopenic obesity (SO) can cause further health complications. Few studies have specifically considered these conditions across different racial/ethnic populations. This study examined the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO among U.S. adults by different age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups, using 1999-2004 data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and its racial/ethnic subpopulation groupings. Sarcopenia was defined as low appendicular lean mass (adjusted for Body Mass Index (BMI) of <0.789 kg/ m 2 for males, <0.512 kg/m 2 for females) and self-reported functional limitation. Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 with SO defined as those meeting criteria for both sarcopenia and obesity. The analysis included 4367 adult subjects; for each race/ethnic subpopulation, sarcopenia prevalence increased with age. Sarcopenia prevalence varied by sex and race/ ethnic subpopulation: Hispanic (26.8% male, 27.2% female); Non-Hispanic (NH) White (15.5% male, 15.1% female); NH Black (8.6% male, 1.6% female); and Other (16.5% male, 23.2% female). Sarcopenic obesity also increased with age and varied by sex and race/ethnic subpopulation: Hispanic (8.57% male, 8.87% female); NH White (6.48% male, 8.06% female); NH Black (3.95% male, 1.12% female); and Other (4.46% male, 0.0% female). Increased awareness of variability in sarcopenia/SO may help develop effective screenings/ care management and interventions/public health policies to maintain functionality and reduce health disparities among an increasingly diverse U.S. older adult population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Vary with Race/Ethnicity and Advancing Age

Du¹,

Goates²,

Arensberg³

et al. 2018

Divers Equal Health Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…1915;Hunter 1922). Cr supplementation has been reported to improve physical performance during a variety of different exercise modalities, intensities and durations and to promote greater gains in strength, muscle mass, bone mineral density and neuromuscular function in populations ranging from trained healthy individuals to the elderly with sarcopenia undergoing exercise rehabilitation (Bosco et al 1997;Grindstaff et al 1997;Mihic et al 2000;Metzl et al 2001;Mihic et al 2000;Hespel et al 2001;Volek et al 2004;Pearlman and Fielding, 2006;Bazzucchi et al 2009;Bemben et al 2010;Devries and Phillips, 2014;Gualano et al 2011;Gualano et al 2014;Candow et al 2015;Chillibeck et al, 2015;Griffen C et al 2015;Martone et al 2015;Ramirez-Campilo et al, 2015;Wilkinson et al 2015, Phillips, 2015 (see Table 1). The mechanism(s) responsible for these effects range from Cr-induced increases in intramuscular phosphocreatine (PCr) levels and the PCr/ATP energy charge ratio, as well as a greater resynthesis rate of PCr following intense exercise, leading to a higher efficiency of ATP utilisation (Wallimann et al 2011) and to attenuated cardiovascular and thermoregulatory responses during prolonged exercise in the heat (Demant and Rhodes, 1999;Terjung et al 2000;Lopez et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and physical (cognitive) performance: a review and future prospects

et al. 2016

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Creatine (Cr) is produced endogenously in the liver or obtained exogenously from foods such as meat and fish.In the human body, 95% of Cr is located in the cytoplasm of skeletal muscle either in a phosphorylated (PCr) or free form (Cr). PCr is essential for the immediate rephosphorylation of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) to adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP). PCr is rapidly degraded at the onset of maximal exercise at a rate that results in muscle PCr reservoirs being substantially depleted. A well-established strategy followed to increase muscle total Cr content is to increase exogenous intake by supplementation with chemically pure synthetic Cr.

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“…Depending on the literature definition used today, even with a conservative estimate, the prevalence of sarcopenia in 60 to 70 year olds has been reported as 5 to 13%. 4 The impact of low muscle mass includes increased morbidity, disability, high costs of health care, and mortality. 2 Although these conditions are primarily affecting the elderly, it is known that, like osteopenia, they can also develop in younger cases and are possibly related to certain conditions such as disuse, malnutrition, or inflammatory diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Presarcopenia and its Impact on Disability in Female Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Melikoğlu

2017

Arch Rheumatol

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Objectives:This cross-sectional pilot study aims to investigate presarcopenia in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to evaluate its relationship to the disability assessment. Patients and methods: Forty female patients with RA (mean age 48.3±8.3; range 31 to 66 years) and 40 healthy controls (mean age 46.2±6.9; range 31 to 58 years) matched for age, sex, and body mass index were included. Pain, morning stiffness duration, disease activity score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) were evaluated. Body compositions were assessed with whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The appendicular skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) of RA patients were compared to the controls and possible correlations between SMI, disease characteristics, and HAQ score were investigated. Results: The body mass index values and percentages of obese, overweight, and healthy weight subjects were similar in the patient and control groups. However, appendicular skeletal muscle mass and SMI calculations were significantly lower, and the percentage of presarcopenia was significantly higher in patients with RA (20%) than controls (7%) (p<0.05). Although there was no significant correlation between SMI and other parameters, a significant negative correlation was determined between SMI and HAQ score in patients with RA (p<0.05). Conclusion:We demonstrated lower SMI values and higher presarcopenia ratios in patients with RA than healthy controls. Independent from other disease characteristics, the inverse correlation between SMI and HAQ scores may contribute to understanding of the impact of the process on patient disability.

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Nutritional Supplements in Support of Resistance Exercise to Counter Age-Related Sarcopenia

Cited by 120 publications

References 95 publications

Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Vary with Race/Ethnicity and Advancing Age

Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Vary with Race/Ethnicity and Advancing Age

The effects of creatine supplementation on thermoregulation and physical (cognitive) performance: a review and future prospects

Presarcopenia and its Impact on Disability in Female Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

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