Nutritional suitability of corn pollen for the predator Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Lundgren, Jonathan G.; Wiedenmann, Robert N.

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2004.04.003

Cited by 103 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…maculata has been selected as a surrogate for assessing nontarget effects of IRGE crops because of the importance of coccinellids as natural enemies for controlling many kinds of insect pests in various crop systems, and the amenability of C. maculata in laboratory settings (Pilcher et al 1997, Riddick et al 1998, Duan et al 2002, Lundgren et al 2002. In previous studies, larvae or adults of C. maculata were generally exposed to Cry toxins by ingesting intoxicated prey (tri-trophic study) or plant tissue (Lundgren et al 2004, Moser et al 2008. Although these studies are valuable in assessing nontarget effects of Bt proteins expressed in plant tissues, they have limitations in their use for laboratory assessments on the potential hazard of insecticidal compounds produced by GE plants including: Þrstly because the test material is the GE plant tissue or the intoxicated prey, the insecticidal compounds concentrations cannot be adjusted, and thus there is no opportunity to develop a safety margin through concentration-response characterization (Romeis et al 2006(Romeis et al , 2010; secondly the effect of the insecticidal compounds of interest cannot be studied in isolation, i.e., we cannot rule out other differences between treatment and control; thirdly tri-trophic tests contain more variables and are often more complex than reÞned Tier-1 testing, and the results from these studies are more difÞcult to interpret (e.g., preyquality mediated effects may inßuence the results, Romeis et al 2006); and fourthly such studies may underestimate the exposure level of the test species to insecticidal compounds under Þeld conditions, and thus underestimate the potential risk of IRGE plants on the test species (Dutton et al 2003, Garcia-Alonso et al 2006, Romeis et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Ostrem

Romeis

et al. 2011

env. entom.

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To assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances on the predacious ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, a Tier-1 laboratory testing system was developed. Artificial diets using shrimp eggs were developed, and a tier-1 bioassay examining C. maculata development and survival was designed based on those diets. To further measure the artificial diet in a Tier-1 testing system, larvae of C. maculata were fed the diet treated with different concentrations of an inorganic stomach poison, potassium arsenate (PA), or a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The results demonstrated that the testing system was capable of detecting the dietary effects of both substances on the survival and development ofC. maculata. With increasing concentrations of PA in the diet, fewer larvae developed to adults, with only 22.7% larvae surviving to the adult stage in the treatment with the highest content of PA (32 µg/g of diet). Likewise, dose-dependent responses also were found for other life-table parameters of C. maculata. Similar to the assays with PA, the survival rates of C. maculata consistently decreased with increasing E-64 content in the diet. Survival analysis showed that the insects fed E-64 at 50, 150, and 450 µg/g in the diet had significantly lower survival rates compared with those on the untreated artificial diet. The study presented here describes a robust testing system that will be useful for assessing the potential hazard (or toxicity) effects after dietary exposure of insecticidal compounds produced by GE plants or conventional insecticides on the ladybird predator, C. maculata. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. ABSTRACT To assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances on the predacious ladybird beetle, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, a Tier-1 laboratory testing system was developed. ArtiÞcial diets using shrimp eggs were developed, and a tier-1 bioassay examining C. maculata development and survival was designed based on those diets. To further measure the artiÞcial diet in a Tier-1 testing system, larvae of C. maculata were fed the diet treated with different concentrations of an inorganic stomach poison, potassium arsenate (PA), or a cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The results demonstrated that the testing system was capable of detecting the dietary effects of both substances on the survival and development of C. maculata. With increasing concentrations of PA in the diet, fewer larvae developed to adults, with only 22.7% larvae surviving to the adult stage in the treatment with the highest content of PA (32 g/g of diet). Likewise, dose-dependent responses also were found for other life-table parameters of C. maculata. Similar to the assays with PA, the survival rates of C. maculata consistently decreased with increasing E-64 content in the die...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Ostrem

Romeis

et al. 2011

env. entom.

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“…This might be attributed to the variable nutritional value and digestibility of pollen coming from different plant species (Roulston and Cane 2000). Moreover, the nutritional profile of pollen was shown to be variable among different maize hybrids (one transgenic and several nontransgenic) (Lundgren and Wiedenmann 2004). When Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was fed with pollen originating from these hybrids, the authors observed variable mortality rates, which strongly correlated with the nutritional content in the pollen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Bt Maize on the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus cucumeris

et al. 2006

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The investigation of Neoseiulus cucumeris in the context of the ecological risk assessment of insect resistant transgenic plants is of particular interest as this omnivorous predatory mite species is commercially available and considered important for biological control. In a multitrophic feeding experiment we assessed the impact of Bt maize on the performance of N. cucumeris when offered spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) reared on Bt (Bt11, Syngenta) or non-Bt maize (near isogenic line) and Bt or non-Bt maize pollen as a food source. Various parameters including mortality, development time, oviposition rate were measured. Spider mites were used as a prey for N. cucumeris, since these herbivores are known to contain similar levels of Cry1Ab toxin, when reared on Bt maize, as those found in the transgenic leaf material. In contrast, toxin levels in pollen of this transgenic cultivar are very low. No differences in any of the parameters were found when N. cucumeris was fed with spider mites reared on Bt and non-Bt maize. Pollen was shown to be a less suitable food source for this predator as compared to spider mites. Moreover, subtle effects on female N. cucumeris (9% longer development time and 17% reduced fecundity) were measured when fed with pollen originating from Bt maize as compared to non-Bt maize pollen. Our findings indicate that the predatory mite N. cucumeris is not sensitive to the Cry1Ab toxin as no effects could be detected when offered Bt-containing spider mites, and that the effects found when fed with Bt maize pollen can be assigned to differences in nutritional quality of Bt and non-Bt maize pollen. The significance of these findings is discussed with regard to the ecological relevance for risk assessment of transgenic plants.

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“…Natural enemies frequently rely on plant-based cues when searching for food or shelter (Vinson, 1977(Vinson, , 1981Dicke et al, 1990;Verkerk et al, 1998;Cortesero et al, 2000), and it is unclear how or whether transgenesis will alter the chemical cues used by foraging biological control agents. Intraspecific variability is inherent in the nutritional quality of non-prey foods, including pollen (Karise et al, 2006;Lundgren and Wiedenmann, 2004;Lundgren, 2009) and nectar (Shuel, 1955;Cruden et al, 1983;Gottsberger et al, 1984). This variability highlights the importance of considering the relative quality or quantity of non-prey foods in GM versus non-GM crops when interpreting how these crops may affect natural enemies.…”

Section: Toxin-containing Prey On Gm Cropsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

et al. 2009

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Insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. Insect-resistant crops can affect the quantity and quality of non-prey foods for natural enemies, as well as the availability and quality of both target and non-target pests that serve as prey/hosts. When they are used to locally eradicate weeds, herbicide-tolerant crops alter the agricultural landscape by reducing or changing the remaining vegetational diversity. This vegetational diversity is fundamental to biological control when it serves as a source of habitat and nutritional resources. Some inherent qualities of both biological control and GM crops provide opportunities to improve upon sustainable IPM systems. For example, biological control agents may delay the evolution of pest resistance to GM crops, and suppress outbreaks of secondary pests not targeted by GM plants, while herbicide-tolerant crops facilitate within-field management of vegetational diversity that can enhance the efficacy of biological control agents. By examining the ecological compatibility of biological control and GM crops, and employing them within an IPM framework, the sustainability and profitability of farming may be improved. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. b s t r a c tInsect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant genetically modified (GM) crops pervade many modern cropping systems (especially field-cropping systems), and present challenges and opportunities for developing biologically based pest-management programs. Interactions between biological control agents (insect predators, parasitoids, and pathogens) and GM crops exceed simple toxicological relationships, a priority for assessing risk of GM crops to non-target species. To determine the compatibility of biological control and insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant GM crop traits within integrated pest-management programs, this synthesis prioritizes understanding the bi-trophic and prey/host-mediated ecological pathways through which natural enemies interact within cropland communities, and how GM crops alter the agroecosystems in which natural enemies live. Insect-resistant crops can...

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Nutritional suitability of corn pollen for the predator Coleomegilla maculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

Cited by 103 publications

References 30 publications

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Development of a Tier-1 Assay for Assessing the Toxicity of Insecticidal Substances Against <I>Coleomegilla maculata</I>

Assessing the Effects of Bt Maize on the Predatory Mite Neoseiulus cucumeris

Ecological compatibility of GM crops and biological control

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