Nutritional Studies of Chara in Axenic Cultures

Forsberg, Curt

doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1965.tb06890.x

Cited by 126 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies have also suggested a sequential link between HABs and vitamins Table 3. Number and percentage of species requiring vitamins from different phylum of algae combining the data of this study and prior studies (5,10,14,15,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44) (16,17) coupled with the monitoring of phytoplankton dynamics in coastal waters has demonstrated a strong covariation of vitamin B 12 and the biomass of large (>5 μm) phytoplankton (21,22). Consistent with the large demand of HABs, concentrations of vitamin B 1 and B 12 have been shown to be drawn down by 90% to limiting levels by blooms of C. polykrikoides, K. veneficum, and P. minimum (22), all vitamin B 1 and B 12 auxotrophs ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B₁and B₁₂auxotrophs

Tang

Koch

Gobler

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

260

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Eutrophication can play a central role in promoting harmful algal blooms (HABs), and therefore many HAB studies to date have focused on macronutrients (N, P, Si). Although a majority of algal species require exogenous B vitamins (i.e., auxotrophic for B vitamins), the possible importance of organic micronutrients such as B vitamins (B 1 , B 7 , B 12 ) in regulating HABs has rarely been considered. Prior investigations of vitamins and algae have examined a relatively small number of dinoflagellates (n = 26) and a paucity of HAB species (n = 4). In the present study, the vitamin B 1 , B 7 , and B 12 requirements of 41 strains of 27 HAB species (19 dinoflagellates) were investigated. All but one species (two strains) of harmful algae surveyed required vitamin B 12 , 20 of 27 species required B 1 , and 10 of 27 species required B 7 , all proportions higher than the previously reported for non-HAB species. Half-saturation (K s ) constants of several HAB species for B 1 and B 12 were higher than those previously reported for other phytoplankton and similar to vitamin concentrations reported in estuaries. Cellular quotas for vitamins suggest that, in some cases, HAB demands for vitamins may exhaust standing stocks of vitamins in hours to days. The sum of these findings demonstrates the potentially significant ecological role of B-vitamins in regulating the dynamics of HABs.H armful algal blooms (HABs) are a significant threat to coastal ecosystems, public health, economies, and fisheries, and there are strong links between nutrient loading and HABs within ecosystems around the world (1-3). Most studies of HABs focused on nutrients have primarily investigated the importance of macronutrients (N, P, Si) (2, 3). In contrast, the importance of coenzymes and particularly vitamins (vitamins B 1 , B 7 , and B 12 ) in regulating and stimulating HABs has rarely been considered. This omission is despite the fact that exogenous B vitamins are essential compounds for phytoplankton species that lack the required biosynthetic pathways to produce B vitamins, i.e., vitamin B-auxotrophy (4-10).Vitamin B 12 is essential for the synthesis of amino acids, deoxyriboses, and the reduction and transfer of single carbon fragments in many biochemical pathways (11, 12), whereas vitamin B 1 (thiamine) plays a pivotal role in intermediary carbon metabolism and is a cofactor for number of enzymes involved in primary carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid metabolism (13,14). More than half of 326 algal species surveyed are auxotrophs for B 12 (10-12, 15) and more than 20% of the 306 microalgal species surveyed are auxotrophs for B 1 [compiled in Croft et al. (14)]. In addition, 5% of 306 algae surveyed require biotin (vitamin B 7 ), a cofactor of several essential carboxylase enzymes, such as acetyl CoA (14).Recently, there has been burgeoning interest in the ability of vitamins to regulate phytoplankton community growth and structure. Novel high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) techniques for the direct measurement of vitamins B 1 and...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B₁and B₁₂auxotrophs

Tang

Koch

Gobler

2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

241

260

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“…Only few studies describe the use of axenic macrophytes (e.g., Pringsheim & Pringsheim, 1962;Forsberg, 1965;Wetzel & McGregor, 1968;Ervin & Wetzel, 2000). Although axenic plants represent an artificial system, they can serve as controls that can then be compared to nonaxenic plants.…”

Section: Coexistence Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Searching for allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton—state of the art and open questions

Gross

Hilt

Lombardo

et al. 2007

Shallow Lakes in a Changing World

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Allelopathy, here defined as biochemical interactions between aquatic primary producers, has always been intriguing as a process explaining the dominance of certain plant or algal species over others. Negative chemical interference has been invoked as one of the steering mechanisms behind mutual dominance of either submerged macrophytes or phytoplankton in shallow eutrophic lakes. Yet, despite much effort, convincing evidence for allelopathic interactions in situ is still missing. Also, laboratory approaches often lack reality. Inspired by a series of talks at the Shallow Lakes 2005 meeting in Dalfsen, the Netherlands, we argue that there is circumstantial but strong evidence that allelopathic interference between submerged macrophytes and phytoplankton may indeed exist in aquatic ecosystems despite the problems associated with research in this field. We first discuss experimental approaches combining laboratory and field studies, based on examples presented at this meeting. We then discuss the impact of nutrient status of both producing and target organism and biotic factors such as herbivory or pathogens that might affect allelopathy. Further topics are the potential seasonality of effects and the species-specificity of certain allelochemicals. We conclude with some thoughts why a final First publ. in: Hydrobiologia 584 (2007), pp. 77-88 proof for allelopathy in situ might remain difficult or even inaccessible in some cases, and why we nevertheless should not abandon this idea.

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“…Species occurrence was registered in each transect and each depth zone, and the abundance of each species was estimated according to a five degree scale: 1 = very rare, 2 = rare, 3 = common, 4 = frequent, 5 = abundant (Kohler 1978). The following floristic books (floras) were used for species determination : Hayek, (1924: Hayek, ( -1933Lordanov, (1963Lordanov, ( -1970Josifović, (1970Josifović, ( -1977; Tutin et al, (1964Tutin et al, ( -1980; Corillion (1957Corillion ( , 1975, Golerbah & Krasavina (1983), Krause (1997), Schubert & Blindow (2003) and Wood & Imahori (1964, 1965.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of littoral eutrophication in Lake Ohrid by submerged macrophytes

et al. 2014

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Submerged macrophytes are useful indicators of nutrient pollution in the littoral of lakes. We analyzed submerged macrophytes at 30 sites in Lake Ohrid (20 in the Macedonian and 10 in the Albanian part). In total, we found 29 macrophyte species, which belong to 9 families. In order to describe and compare nutrient pollution in different parts of Lake Ohrid, and to introduce monitoring methods which are consistent with the demands of the Water Framework Directive we calculated the macrophyte index for each site. The results show that nutrient pollution generally is low in the majority of the investigated sites. There are, however, marked differences among sites, with some sites at the southern part of the lake being more polluted. There also is a marked difference in nutrient pollution between shallow and deeper water. The values of the macrophyte index in deeper waters (> 4 m) indicate that the nutrient pollution is very low, while in shallow waters (< 2 m) it is moderate or moderate-immense.

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Nutritional Studies of Chara in Axenic Cultures

Cited by 126 publications

References 16 publications

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B₁and B₁₂auxotrophs

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B₁and B₁₂auxotrophs

Searching for allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton—state of the art and open questions

Assessment of littoral eutrophication in Lake Ohrid by submerged macrophytes

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Nutritional Studies of Chara in Axenic Cultures

Cited by 126 publications

References 16 publications

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B1and B12auxotrophs

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B1and B12auxotrophs

Searching for allelopathic effects of submerged macrophytes on phytoplankton—state of the art and open questions

Assessment of littoral eutrophication in Lake Ohrid by submerged macrophytes

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Product

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Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B₁and B₁₂auxotrophs

Most harmful algal bloom species are vitamin B₁and B₁₂auxotrophs