Nutritional Stress Affects Mosquito Survival and Vector Competence for West Nile Virus

Vaidyanathan, Rajeev; Fleisher, Andrew; Minnick, Sharon; Simmons, Keira A.; Scott, Thomas W.

doi:10.1089/vbz.2007.0189

Cited by 39 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Multiple sublethal stressors can alter infection and transmission rates for vectors (Vaidyanathan et al 2008;Muturi et al 2011a,b;Alto et al 2014) and also alter adult life-history traits associated with population dynamics and vectorial capacity (e.g., development rate, longevity, and fecundity; Delatte et al 2009, Muturi et al 2010. Though LACV infection rate in Ae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Female Culex pipiens (L.) fed on 2, 10, 20, and 40% sucrose were equally susceptible to West Nile virus, but oral transmission of virus was Table 1. Number of females that: entered the experiment in each treatment group; died during the EIP; were not successfully infected; had a nondisseminated infection; had a disseminated infection; were offered a second bloodmeal after the EIP; and took the second bloodmeal when offered significantly lower at 40% sucrose (Vaidyanathan et al 2008). Short-term nutritional deprivation alters immune function in insects, but after the stress is alleviated, immune function can recover (SivaJothy and Thompson 2002), suggesting that intermittent low sugar stress may have important but transient effects on vector competence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited resource availability for larvae or adults can result in reduced larval survivorship and adult life span (Costanzo et al 2005, Reiskind and Lounibos 2009, Gilles et al 2011, Alto et al 2012, lower fecundity (e.g., Mostowy and Foster 2004, Vaidyanathan et al 2008, Xue et al 2010, and altered immune function (Suwanchaichinda and Paskewitz 1998, Koella and Sorenson 2002, Telang et al 2012, Ponton et al 2013. Resource availability for larvae or adults can affect vector competence for viruses, Plasmodium, and filarial parasites (Okech et al 2004(Okech et al , 2007Vaidyanathan et al 2008;Alto and Lounibos 2013;Breaux et al 2014). Such "condition-dependent competence" and effects of resource limitation on vector life-history traits may determine vectorial capacity (Dye 1986, Moller-Jacobs et al 2014.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…albopictus induces condition-dependent competence for LACV infection, and whether interactive effects of LACV infection and stress yield condition-dependent virulence for the vector. We focus on nutritional stress caused by sugar deprivation because that stressor causes both condition-dependent competence and condition-dependent virulence in at least one mosquito-arbovirus system (Vaidyanathan et al 2008). …”

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confidence: 99%

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How do Nutritional Stress and La Crosse Virus Infection Interact? Tests for Effects on Willingness to Blood Feed and Fecundity inAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)

Westby

Muturi²,

Juliano³

2015

J Med Entomol

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Evolutionary theory predicts that vector-borne pathogens should have low virulence for their vector because of selection against pathogens that harm the vector sufficiently to reduce transmission. Environmental factors such as nutritional stress can alter vector-pathogen associations by making the vectors more susceptible to pathogens (condition-dependent competence) and vulnerable to the harm caused by pathogen replication (condition-dependent virulence). We tested the hypotheses of condition-dependent competence and conditiondependent virulence by examining the interactive effects of short-term sugar deprivation and exposure to La Crosse virus (LACV) in female Aedes albopictus (Skuse). We predicted that infection status interacts with sugar deprivation to alter willingness to blood feed and fecundity in the second gonotrophic cycle (conditiondependent virulence). Sugar deprivation had no effect on body infection or disseminated infection rates. Infection status, sugar treatment, and their interaction had no effect on fecundity. Mosquitoes that had intermittent access to sugar were significantly more willing to take a second bloodmeal compared with those that had continuous access to sugar. Infection status and the interaction with sugar treatment had no effect on bloodfeeding behavior. Thus, we found no evidence of short-term sugar deprivation leading to condition-dependent competence for, or condition-dependent virulence of, LACV in Ae. albopictus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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How do Nutritional Stress and La Crosse Virus Infection Interact? Tests for Effects on Willingness to Blood Feed and Fecundity inAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)

Westby

Muturi²,

Juliano³

2015

J Med Entomol

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“…albopictus with dengue-2 virus, 55 in Cx. p. pipiens with WNV, 56 and in Ae. aegypti infected with Sindbis virus.…”

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confidence: 99%

La Crosse Virus Field Detection and Vector Competence of Culex Mosquitoes

Harris

Yang

Jackson

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. La Crosse virus (LACV), a leading cause of arboviral pediatric encephalitis in the United States, is emerging in Appalachia. Here, we report field and laboratory evidence that suggest LACV may be using Culex mosquitoes as additional vectors in this region. This bunyavirus was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in two pools of Culex mosquitoes in southwestern Virginia and in six pools in West Virginia. To assess vector competence, we offered LACV blood meals to field-collected Culex restuans Theobald, Cx. pipiens L., and Aedes triseriatus (Say). Both Culex species were susceptible to infection. LACV-positive salivary expectorate, indicative of the ability to transmit, was detected in a small proportion of Cx. restuans (9%) and Cx. pipiens (4%) compared with Ae. triseriatus (40%). In a companion study of Cx. restuans only, we found that adults derived from nutritionally stressed larvae were significantly more likely to disseminate and transmit LACV. Our results indicate a potential role of Culex spp. in LACV dynamics that should be explored further in endemic areas.

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Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses

2017

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Arboviruses are transmitted between arthropod vectors and vertebrate host. Arboviral infection in mosquitoes is initiated when a mosquito feeds on a viremic host. Following ingestion of a viremic blood meal by mosquitoes, virus enters midgut along with the blood, infects and replicates in midgut epithelial cells, and then escapes to the hemocoel, from where it disseminates to various secondary organs including salivary glands. Subsequently, when mosquito bites another host, a new transmission cycle is initiated. The midgut and salivary glands act as anatomical barriers to virus infection and escape. These complex interactions between the virus and vector dictate the vector competence. Thus, vector competence reflects the success in overcoming different barriers within the vector. Along with these, other intrinsic factors like midgut microbiota and immune responses, extrinsic factors like temperature and humidity, and genetic factors like vector genotype and viral genotype have been discussed in this review. Recent advancement on novel molecular tools to study vector competence is also included. Different modes of arboviral transmission like horizontal, vertical, and venereal and how these play role in sustenance and emergence of arboviruses in nature are also discussed. These factors can be exploited to reduce the susceptibility of vectors for the viruses, so as to control arboviral diseases to certain extent.

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Nutritional Stress Affects Mosquito Survival and Vector Competence for West Nile Virus

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

How do Nutritional Stress and La Crosse Virus Infection Interact? Tests for Effects on Willingness to Blood Feed and Fecundity inAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)

How do Nutritional Stress and La Crosse Virus Infection Interact? Tests for Effects on Willingness to Blood Feed and Fecundity inAedes albopictus(Diptera: Culicidae)

La Crosse Virus Field Detection and Vector Competence of Culex Mosquitoes

Impact of transmission cycles and vector competence on global expansion and emergence of arboviruses

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