Nutritional status indicators

Dowler, Elizabeth; Payne, Philip R. O.; Seo, Young Ok; Thomson, Anne M.; Wheeler, Erica F.

doi:10.1016/0306-9192(82)90043-4

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, this will help in the identification of a greater number of children who might be misclassified as malnourished. In the Reviews Analysis, World Health Organization (WHO) Working Group ( 2 ) states that the use of fixed cut-off points such as −2SD or its equivalent may be unrealistic and of limited use in practice ( 20 – 22 ), and that at best, they represent a purely statistical separation of “malnourished” from “normal” when ideally cut-off points should be based on biological considerations. We also kept this in mind when we chose the cut-off for the new score mentioned above.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and demonstrating an atomistic and holistic model of anthropometric failure among children under five years of age using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data from India

Nandeep,

Jaleel,

Reddy

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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IntroductionComposite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) and its further modifications have not incorporated all the combinations of malnutrition. We propose a new model incorporating all the forms of malnutrition among children under five years of age. However, the current models might misclassify a growing child as malnourished. Our objective is to develop a comprehensive scoring system using the three anthropometric Z-scores [height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-age (WAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) Z-scores] and demonstrate the proposed CIAF model using the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) data from India.MethodsA new scoring system was developed using the WAZ, HAZ, and WHZ scores to determine the child’s nutritional status. We also proposed a new CIAF model by including all possible categories of malnutrition and practically demonstrated it using the NFHS-5 dataset after applying the new scoring system. Under-five children with heights, weights, and ages available were included in the analysis. The groups of malnutrition are presented as weighted proportions before and after applying the new score to the proposed model.ResultsOur final analysis included individual-level data of 198,802 children under five years of age (weighted N = 195,197). After applying the new scoring system to the proposed model, the prevalence of stunting has reduced to 11.8% (95% CI 11.66–11.94) from 13.2% (95% CI 13.09–13.39) and wasting prevalence has reduced to 4.9% (95% CI 4.85–5.04) from 6.4% (95% CI 6.29–6.51). The most common forms of anthropometric failures among Indian children by using the newly developed CIAF model are: “Stunting and underweight” (30,127; 15.4%), Stunting only (23,035; 11.8%), and “wasting and underweight” (14,698; 7.5%). We found a new category called “Stunting, underweight, and overweight” (stunting = HAZ < −2SD, underweight = WAZ < −2SD, overweight = WHZ > +2SD). It constituted 0.1% (220 children) of the total sample.ConclusionWhen the new scoring system is applied to the proposed CIAF model, it captures all forms and combinations of malnutrition among under-five children without overlap and prevents misclassifying a growing child as malnourished. The newly identified category shows that stunting (HAZ < −2SD), overweight (WHZ > +2SD) and underweight (WAZ < −2SD) can co-exist in the same child.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing and demonstrating an atomistic and holistic model of anthropometric failure among children under five years of age using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data from India

Nandeep,

Jaleel,

Reddy

et al. 2024

Front. Nutr.

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“…A relational understanding of malnutrition is compatible with a viewpoint and the use and interpretation of nutritional status indicators for policymaking and social development. 19 4. Illegal trading and cross-border smuggling of weapons, cars, phones, and other goods have been widely reported along the Sudan-Chad border.…”

Section: Declaration Of Conflicting Interestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A relational understanding of malnutrition is compatible with a systems viewpoint and the use and interpretation of nutritional status indicators for policymaking and social development. 19…”

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confidence: 99%

A Relational Approach to the Drivers of Child Acute Malnutrition

Young,

Sulieman,

Krätli

et al. 2023

Food Nutr Bull

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Background: This article presents a new analytical approach to acute malnutrition causal analysis that is different from the orthodox approach in 2 respects. First, it engages with basic causes, that is, beyond the usual focus on individuals and households. Second, it uses a relational view in the causal analysis. The orthodox approach identifies the malnourished and their individual and household characteristics. In contrast, a relational approach explores the ways in which the relationships between people, their livelihoods, and the environment, mediated by systems and institutions, create the underlying drivers associated with acute malnutrition for some, while simultaneously creating better conditions for others. Methods: The article draws on 2 case study communities in West Darfur, Sudan, first considering the Darfur context and the inequitable policies and weakened institutions that have led to ethnic polarization, multilayered conflict, and humanitarian crises. The article explores how this context has played out differently in each community, contrasting their livelihood specializations, conflict-related losses, and livelihood diversification over time. Findings: This analysis shows how the relative vulnerability of some people versus others is strongly influenced by their social, economic, and political relationships, as reflected in their shifting power relations and uneven control over livelihood resources. Conclusions: Shifting the focus to the basic drivers, especially the institutional structures, processes, and relationships, will deepen the causal analysis of child acute malnutrition, make it more meaningful, and provide a new direction for engagement, learning, and action to address the deepening problem of child acute malnutrition.

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Assessment of energy intake

Dowler

Seo²

1985

Food Policy

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Nutritional status indicators

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Developing and demonstrating an atomistic and holistic model of anthropometric failure among children under five years of age using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data from India

Developing and demonstrating an atomistic and holistic model of anthropometric failure among children under five years of age using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data from India

A Relational Approach to the Drivers of Child Acute Malnutrition

Assessment of energy intake

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