Nutritional status and effect of maternal employment among children aged 6–59 months in Wolayta Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Eshete, Hiwot; Abebe, Yewelsew; Loha, Eskindir; Gebru, Teklemichael; Tesheme, Tesfalem

doi:10.4314/ejhs.v27i2.8

Cited by 57 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Educational attainment of caregivers is an important factor in the determination of whether a child develops SAM or not. Our finding is in consonance with previous studies which reported that children whose mothers were not educated were associated with a poor range of nutritional outcomes such as stunting, wasting and malnutrition [7,12,16,[28][29][30][31]. This finding has several implications; first, there is a need for LMIC to develop child nutrition public health policies,…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Decomposing the educational inequalities in the factors associated with severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Fagbamigbe

Kandala

Uthman

2020

Preprint

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Background: Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) have remained plagued with the burden of severe acute malnutrition (SAM). The decomposition of the educational inequalities in SAM across individual, neighbourhood and national level characteristics in LMIC have not been explored. This study aims to decompose educational-related inequalities in the development of SAM among under-five children in LMIC and identify the risk factors that contribute to the inequalities. Methods: We pooled successive secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) conducted between 2010 and 2018 in 51 LMIC. We analysed data of 532,680 under-five children nested within 55,823 neighbourhoods. Severe acute malnutrition was the outcome variable while the literacy status of mothers was the main exposure variable. The explanatory variables cut across the individual-, household and neighbourhood-level factors of the mother-child pair. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition method was used at p=0.05. Results: Mothers with no formal education ranged from 0.1 % in Armenia and Kyrgyz to as much as 86.1 % in Niger. The overall prevalence of SAM in the group of children whose mothers had no education was 5.8 % compared with 4.2 % among those whose mothers were educated, this varied within each country. Fourteen countries (Cameroon(p=0.000), Chad(p=0.000), Comoro(p=0.047), Burkina Faso(p=0.000), Ethiopia(p=0.000), India(p=0.000), Kenya(p=0.000), Mozambique(p=0.012), Namibia(p=0.001), Nigeria(p=0.000), Pakistan(p=0.000), Senegal(p=0.003), Togo(p=0.013), and Timor Leste(p=0.000) had statistically significant pro-illiterate inequality while no country showed statistically significant pro-literate inequality. We found significant differences in SAM prevalence across child’s age(p=0.000), child’s sex(p=0.000), maternal age(p=0.001), household wealth quintile(p=0.001), mother’s access to media(p=0.001), birth weight(p=0.000) and neighbourhood socioeconomic status disadvantage(p=0.000). On the average, neighbourhood socioeconomic status disadvantage, location of residence were the most important factors in most countries. Other contributors to the explanation of educational inequalities are birth weight, maternal age and toilet type. Conclusions: SAM is prevalent in most LMIC with wide educational inequalities. Educational inequalities in SAM was explained by individual, household and community-level factors. Promotion of women education should be strengthened as better education among women will close the gaps and reduce the burden of SAM generally. We recommend further studies of other determinate causes of inequalities in severe acute malnutrition in LMIC.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Decomposing the educational inequalities in the factors associated with severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Fagbamigbe

Kandala

Uthman

2020

Preprint

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“…According to previous studies, maternal occupation has two conflicting relationships with the feeding of infant and young children. First, maternal occupation may increase household income with subsequent empowerment of women and improvement in the dietary intake of children (Eshete, Abebe, Loha, Gebru, & Tesheme, 2017;Tucker & Sanjur, 1988). Second, maternal occupation may reduce the time a mother can spend in caring and feeding of their children (Eshete et al, 2017;Nair, Ariana, & Webster, 2014;Tucker & Sanjur, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, maternal occupation may increase household income with subsequent empowerment of women and improvement in the dietary intake of children (Eshete, Abebe, Loha, Gebru, & Tesheme, 2017;Tucker & Sanjur, 1988). Second, maternal occupation may reduce the time a mother can spend in caring and feeding of their children (Eshete et al, 2017;Nair, Ariana, & Webster, 2014;Tucker & Sanjur, 1988). In Ethiopia, policymakers and programme planners would do well to consider interventions that acknowledge these conflicting relationships between maternal occupation and complementary feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and factors associated with complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016

Ahmed

Page

Arora

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Introducing appropriate complementary feeding at 6 months of age is crucial for the optimal growth and development of an infant. In Ethiopia, however, no previous national‐level studies have examined the trends and associated factors of complementary feeding practices. The aim of this study is to investigate the trends and determinants of complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016. The study was conducted using the Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data for 2005 (N = 2,520), 2011 (N = 2,850), and 2016 (N = 2,864). Percentage point changes in complementary feeding indicators were estimated to examine the trends over the EDHS years. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between socioeconomic, demographic, health service, and community‐level factors and (a) the introduction of complementary foods, (b) minimum dietary diversity (MDD), (c) minimum meal frequency (MMF), and (d) minimum acceptable diet (MAD). The proportion of mothers who met MDD increased from 6.3% to 13.5% (p < .001), and MAD increased from 4.1% to 7.1% (p = .003) from 2005 to 2016. Improvements in the introduction of complementary foods (from 50.3% to 59.5%, p = .051) and MMF (from 41.3% to 43.6%, p = .288) were not statistically significant. Maternal education and occupation were associated with the introduction of complementary foods, MDD, MMF, and MAD. Higher partner education and frequent antenatal visits were associated with MDD and MAD. Children whose mothers listened to the radio had higher odds of MDD, MMF, and MAD. Our analysis of the EDHS suggests that the proportion of MDD and MAD were unacceptably low. Interventions aiming to improve complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia should also target mothers with low education, antenatal service usage, and media exposure.

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“…Many of the factors found to be associated with the development of, or the recovery from, moderate acute malnutrition in other studies were not found to be significant factors in risk of non-recovery in our study. These include the child's age, household wealth [25], maternal education [11], household income [11], drinking water source, sanitation (e.g., hand washing practices, appropriate waste disposal and latrine availability), household size [12], having received vitamin A supplementation or de-worming interventions [26] . This discrepancy may be due to the fact that our study took place during the post-harvest season when relative abundance of food might have mitigated or washed out the impact of other factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with poor health outcomes for children under the age of 5 with moderate acute malnutrition in rural fagita lekoma district, Awi Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2016

Adamu¹,

Jara

Alemayehu

et al. 2017

BMC Nutr

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Background: Left untreated, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in children can lead to severe acute malnutrition, stunting, developmental delays, and death. Despite recent progress the prevalence of malnutrition remains high throughout Ethiopia. The ability to make accurate prognoses and develop effective treatment strategies for children with MAM is currently limited and, as result, a significant proportion of children with MAM fail to recover even with treatment. We seek to address this limitation by assessing the risk factors for poor outcomes among children under the age of 5 with MAM in a rural area of Ethiopia's Amhara Region. This region is considered relatively food secure and does not have food supplementation treatment programs. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 404 randomly sampled children, 0-59 months old stratified by household food security status. We followed the study children for approximately 2 months, assessing their health status; and used bivariate and multivariate Cox-proportional hazard regression models to identify risk factors for poor health outcomes. Results: Household food security was significantly associated with low recovery from MAM: 191 (60%) of children in food-insecure and 129 (40%) of children in food-secure households had poor health outcomes. The risk factors found to be significantly associated with poor health outcomes included the duration of exclusive breastfeeding (AHR 1.50, 95%CI: 1.05, 2.15), dietary diversity (AHR 1.74, 95%CI: 1.18, 2.54), and maternal mid-upper arm circumference (AHR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.86). Children from pregnancies that were wanted but unplanned had 80% higher incidence of poor health outcomes than others, and children from pregnancies that were both unwanted and unplanned had more than double the incidence of poor health outcomes compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: We found that without treatment, the majority of children from food insecure households and over a third of children from food secure households did not recover from MAM. Maternal factors particularly the mother's ability to plan her pregnancy were the main determinants of recovery in this study. Together these findings support arguments for targeting of nutrition support programs to vulnerable households regardless of regional food security status, and for closely integrating robust family planning, and antenatal care services with nutrition interventions.

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Nutritional status and effect of maternal employment among children aged 6–59 months in Wolayta Sodo Town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Cited by 57 publications

References 6 publications

Decomposing the educational inequalities in the factors associated with severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Decomposing the educational inequalities in the factors associated with severe acute malnutrition among under-five children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Trends and factors associated with complementary feeding practices in Ethiopia from 2005 to 2016

Risk factors associated with poor health outcomes for children under the age of 5 with moderate acute malnutrition in rural fagita lekoma district, Awi Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2016

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