Nutritional Signaling via Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Miyamoto, Junpei; Hasegawa, Sae; Kasubuchi, Mayu; Ichimura, Atsuhiko; Nakajima, Akira; Kimura, Ikuo

doi:10.3390/ijms17040450

Cited by 160 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Linoleic, α-linolenic and arachidonic acid are further ligands of GPR40. This receptor is expressed in various cells and tissues and is involved in metabolic and inflammatory responses of the respective agonists [80]. …”

Section: Molecules Involved In Resolution Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-Resolving Molecules—New Approaches to Treat Sepsis?

Buechler

Pohl

Aslanidis

2017

IJMS

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Inflammation is a complex response of the body to exogenous and endogenous insults. Chronic and systemic diseases are attributed to uncontrolled inflammation. Molecules involved in the initiation of inflammation are very well studied while pathways regulating its resolution are insufficiently investigated. Approaches to down-modulate mediators relevant for the onset and duration of inflammation are successful in some chronic diseases, while all of them have failed in sepsis patients. Inflammation and immune suppression characterize sepsis, indicating that anti-inflammatory strategies alone are inappropriate for its therapy. Heme oxygenase 1 is a sensitive marker for oxidative stress and is upregulated in inflammation. Carbon monoxide, which is produced by this enzyme, initiates multiple anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities with higher production of omega-3 fatty acid-derived lipid metabolites being one of its protective actions. Pro-resolving lipids named maresins, resolvins and protectins originate from the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid while lipoxins are derived from arachidonic acid. These endogenously produced lipids do not simply limit inflammation but actively contribute to its resolution, and thus provide an opportunity to combat chronic inflammatory diseases and eventually sepsis.

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Section: Molecules Involved In Resolution Of Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pro-Resolving Molecules—New Approaches to Treat Sepsis?

Buechler

Pohl

Aslanidis

2017

IJMS

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“…GPR40 is a G protein‐coupled receptor and mediates the proinflammatory effect of SFA . Previous studies have shown that SFA has a higher affinity than unsaturated fatty acid to bind GPR40 . It has been shown that GPR40 mediate palmitate‐enhanced amyloid‐β production by activating inflammatory signaling pathways in neuronal cells .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upregulation of free fatty acid receptors in periodontal tissues of patients with metabolic syndrome and periodontitis

Robles

et al. 2018

J of Periodontal Research

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Background and objective Metabolic syndrome (MetS) exacerbates periodontitis. Since saturated fatty acid (SFA) is increased in MetS and enhances lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, it has been considered to play a role in MetS‐exacerbated periodontitis. However, it remains unknown how fatty acid receptors, which mediate the interaction of cells with SFA and uptake of SFA, are expressed and regulated in the periodontal tissue. In this study, we tested our hypothesis that the periodontal expression of fatty acid receptors GPR40 and CD36 is increased in patients with both MetS and periodontitis. We also determined the effect of SFA and LPS on GPR40 and CD36 expression in vitro. Material and methods Periodontal tissue specimens were collected from 11 participants without MetS and periodontitis, 12 participants with MetS, 11 participants with periodontitis, and 14 participants with both MetS and periodontitis after surgeries. The tissues were processed, and GPR40 and CD36 were detected by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, cultured macrophages and gingival fibroblasts were treated with LPS, palmitate, a major SFA, or LPS plus palmitate and the expression of GPR40 and CD36 was then quantified. Results Analysis of clinical data showed that age, smoker, gender, and race/ethnicity were not significantly different among 4 groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that GPR40 and CD36 were expressed by epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Quantitative data showed that GPR40 expression is increased in patients with periodontitis, MetS, or both periodontitis and MetS while CD36 expression is increased only in patients with both periodontitis and MetS. The in vitro studies showed that the expression of GPR40 and CD36 in macrophages and fibroblasts was upregulated by the combination of LPS and palmitate. Conclusion Periodontal expression of GPR40 and CD36 was upregulated in patients with both MetS and periodontitis, and GPR40 and CD36 in macrophages and fibroblasts were upregulated in vitro by the combination of LPS and palmitate, suggesting that GPR40 and CD36 may be involved in MetS‐exacerbated periodontitis.

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“…44,45 Free fatty acid receptors (FFAR), which signal in response to fatty acid binding, play an important role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity of adipocytes. 46 Lipidomics can be used to discover pro-adipogenic and anti-adipogenic bio-active lipids. For example, a recent study profiled the lipidome of WAT in mice treated with b3-adrenergic receptor agonist that triggers beige/brown adipocyte activation.…”

Section: Adipocyte Differentiation -Regulation By Lipidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form(ul)ation of adipocytes by lipids

Lapid

Graff

2017

Adipocyte

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Lipids have the potential to serve as bio-markers, which allow us to analyze and to identify cells under various experimental settings, and to serve as a clinical diagnostic tool. For example, diagnosis according to specific lipids that are associated with diabetes and obesity. The rapid development of mass-spectrometry techniques enables identification and profiling of multiple types of lipid species. Together, lipid profiling and data interpretation forge the new field of lipidomics. Lipidomics can be used to characterize physiologic and pathophysiological processes in adipocytes, since lipid metabolism is at the core of adipocyte physiology and energy homeostasis. A significant bulk of lipids are stored in adipocytes, which can be released and used to produce energy, used to build membranes, or used as signaling molecules that regulate metabolism. In this review, we discuss how exhaust of lipidomes can be used to study adipocyte differentiation, physiology and pathophysiology.

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Nutritional Signaling via Free Fatty Acid Receptors

Cited by 160 publications

References 80 publications

Pro-Resolving Molecules—New Approaches to Treat Sepsis?

Pro-Resolving Molecules—New Approaches to Treat Sepsis?

Upregulation of free fatty acid receptors in periodontal tissues of patients with metabolic syndrome and periodontitis

Form(ul)ation of adipocytes by lipids

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